Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.
Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.
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Six standardized published measures of cognitive function were evaluated as screens of dementia in a sample of 164 (83 black, 81 white) community residents aged 65 and over selected from the Duke University EPESE (Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly), a biracial cohort of 4164 residents in a five county area of piedmont North Carolina.
Why it matters
This study evaluated six standardized cognitive tests as screens for dementia in a community sample of black and white elderly residents. It found that while most tests were good at detecting dementia, their specificity was particularly poor for black participants, and that scores on these tests correlated with race and education.
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Two measures of social function designed for community studies of normal aging and mild senile dementia were evaluated in 195 older adults who underwent neurological, cognitive, and affective assessment.
Why it matters
This study evaluated measures of social function in older adults and found the Functional Activities Questionnaire was superior to the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale in discriminating functional levels. It is a measurement tool study, not a treatment or prevention study.
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Astrocytic injury and endothelial activation are interconnected processes within the neurovascular system that may contribute to variability in cognitive performance among cognitively unimpaired adults.
Why it matters
In this cross-sectional study of 313 cognitively unimpaired Black adults, VCAM-1 and GFAP showed no independent associations with cognitive performance, but their interaction was significant for the primary outcome and not for the secondary outcome. The findings suggest VCAM-1 may modify the relationship between GFAP and cognition, but this is an early cross-sectional result and does not establish any treatment, cure, or prevention.
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The costs of dementia fall on families, highlighting limited policy and work supports.
Why it matters
This modelling study estimates that in 2026, 5.7 million US adults aged 51 and older are living with dementia, with total costs of $818 billion. It found that individuals and families bear over three times the cost compared with health systems, and the authors note that treatment innovation may increase medical costs but reduce caregiver burden and improve quality of life.
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IBD is associated with CI and increased dementia risk, with biologics potentially mitigating neuroinflammation-related decline.
Why it matters
Reviewing 66 studies, including population, genetic and animal research, the authors found that people with inflammatory bowel disease may have weaker memory, attention and executive function. They conclude the condition is associated with cognitive impairment and higher dementia risk, and that biologic treatments may help limit inflammation-related decline. They call for more long-term studies and randomized trials to confirm whether any therapies are protective.
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Of 574 older adults, 187 (33%) were admitted.
Why it matters
This retrospective analysis of 574 older adults found that dementia, along with other comorbidities and fall-risk-increasing medications, was associated with higher odds of hospital admission after an emergency department visit for a fall. It is about predicting admission after falls, not about treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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In this retrospective, confounder-adjusted study, anticoagulation was associated with slower cognitive/functional decline and lower hospitalization/mortality risk in AF and dementia patients.
Why it matters
In this retrospective study of 291 patients with atrial fibrillation and dementia, anticoagulation was associated with slower cognitive and functional decline and reduced hospitalization and mortality risk. Anticoagulated patients were younger than those not anticoagulated.
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After adjusting for potential confounders, multivariable logistic regression models revealed that the prevalence of dementia was significantly higher in individuals with chronic pain than in those without.
Why it matters
This study found that dementia prevalence was significantly higher in people with chronic pain than in those without, and longer pain duration was associated with increased dementia risk. Depression played a differential mediating role across chronic pain durations.
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Overall, 233,567 long-term home care recipients with known carer status were studied.
Why it matters
Among 233,567 older Australians receiving long-term home care, the share with an informal carer fell from 86% in 2012 to 78% in 2019, with large geographic variation. Lower availability of informal carers likely means greater need for formal care.
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The prevalence of PIMcogs increased from 16% at baseline to 23% at follow-up.
Why it matters
Use of potentially inappropriate medications for cognition at follow-up was significantly associated with more rapid progression of dementia severity. This is an observational association and does not test any treatment, cure or prevention.
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Three cohorts of interdisciplinary scholars (N = 53) have started and two have completed DEM-PCCT.
Why it matters
This program trained 53 interdisciplinary scholars in dementia palliative care clinical trials, and participants' confidence and comfort conducting such trials improved significantly, with most securing research funding. It builds research workforce capacity for palliative care studies and does not itself test any treatment, cure, or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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The crude prevalence of dementia significantly increased from 1985 to 2012 (6.7% in 1985, 5.7% in 1992, 7.1% in 1998, 12.5% in 2005, and 17.9% in 2012, p for trend < 0.01), but then decreased significantly from 2012 to 2022 (15.8% in 2017 and 12.1% in 2022; p for trend < 0.01).
Why it matters
In a Japanese community, dementia prevalence and incidence rose until around 2012 and then declined significantly through 2022, while five-year survival after dementia onset improved from the 1988 to the 2002 cohort but showed no significant change afterward. The authors suggest the decline in incidence may be due to prevention and improved management of lifestyle-related diseases such as hypertension and diabetes.
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At baseline, 219 participants (18%) had CF. The risk for developing CF at 2 years was higher in the control group (risk ratio [RR], 1.88, p = .003).
Why it matters
In this post hoc analysis of the FINGER trial, a 2-year multidomain lifestyle intervention reduced the risk of developing cognitive frailty and increased the chance of reversing it compared with the control group. Participants with mild cognitive impairment or frailty were at higher risk of cognitive frailty than healthy participants.
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There were observable geographic variations in education (range 13.4-16.2 years, Figure 1), age (range 66.7-72.4 years) and severable modifiable risk factors for dementia across Tasmania, Australia.
Why it matters
This study used an online interactive map to show where modifiable dementia risk factors like education, body mass index, blood pressure and physical activity vary across Tasmania. It found that these risk factors shifted toward lower weighted averages over time through the ISLAND initiative, and the map identified specific regions where targeted interventions are needed.
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The findings from the AHEAD Study screening process and longitudinal data from the LEARN Study are providing critical data to guide future prevention trial design.
Why it matters
This paper discusses how data from prevention trials and cohort studies are being used to improve the design of future Alzheimer's prevention trials. It describes ongoing efforts to build large international cohorts and include underserved communities, but does not report results of a treatment or cure.
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Lecanemab was generally well-tolerated during the 6-month lecanemab-only treatment period.
Why it matters
In the DIAN-TU-001 trial, lecanemab was generally well tolerated over 6 months among 97 treated participants, with ARIA-H in 26.8 percent, headache in 25.8 percent, ARIA-E in 20.6 percent, and infusion-related reactions in 11.3 percent. Most adverse events were mild or moderate, and 6 participants had a serious adverse event.
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49/100
The proportion of false negatives from FDG-PET ranged from 11-55%.
Why it matters
This study found that FDG-PET-CT produced a notable proportion of false negatives in dementia workups, ranging from 11-55% overall and 15-60% in early-onset patients. The authors conclude it may not be sufficiently reliable alone and should be complemented by other diagnostic methods; it concerns diagnosis, not treatment or cure.
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A covariate-adjusted linear mixed model for the intention-to-treat sample (N = 353; mean age = 69.7) revealed a significant positive change in dementia literacy at 6 months (standardized change = 0.246; p = 0.012) and a significant improvement in self-efficacy at 12 months (standardized change = 0.157; p = 0.008).
Why it matters
In this longitudinal study of 353 people, the web-based multidomain intervention Brain Health Pro produced a significant positive change in dementia literacy at 6 months and in self-efficacy at 12 months, but no significant change in attitudes toward dementia. The authors say improving these dimensions may foster long-lasting lifestyle changes to support sustained cognitive health, but the study did not measure cognitive decline or dementia outcomes.
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Overall, 392 patients were enrolled in HARMONY; 49 patients with PDD and 27 patients with DLB were included in the open-label safety analysis, of whom 46 met response criteria and were randomized to receive pimavanserin (n = 22) or placebo (n = 24) during the double-blind period.
Why it matters
In this subgroup analysis of the HARMONY trial, pimavanserin was associated with a significantly lower risk of psychosis relapse in patients with Lewy body dementia. The analysis included a small number of patients with Parkinson's disease dementia or dementia with Lewy bodies.
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In 2023, there were 205,507 people with dementia in the CPRD database, 40,244 with Parkinson's disease, 3515 with MND and 1672 with Huntington's disease.
Why it matters
This study found that a substantial proportion of people with dementia in England live alone, and this proportion has increased since 2009. It highlights the need for improved support and targeted care for these individuals, not treating, curing, or preventing the disease.
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During a mean follow-up of 2.49 years (median, 1.99; standard deviation, 2.07; interquartile range, 2.66), dementia was significantly associated with increased stroke risk (aHR, 3.19; 95% confidence interval, 2.84-3.57).
Why it matters
This nationwide cohort study in South Korea found that people with dementia had a significantly increased risk of stroke, with the highest risk in vascular dementia. The authors call for dementia subtype-specific cerebrovascular risk assessment and long-term prevention strategies.
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Odds ratios for death, dementia, and delirium using anticholinergic-polypharmacy pseudoscales (median = 1.09-1.10) were greater than those of general-polypharmacy pseudoscales (1.05-1.06).
Why it matters
In this UK Biobank simulation study, anticholinergic drug use was linked to slightly higher odds of death, dementia and delirium beyond the effect of polypharmacy alone. The authors describe this extra effect as small and varying between outcomes, so it does not establish that avoiding these drugs prevents dementia.
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36.5% of the overall cohort experienced delirium.
Why it matters
Among older adults who were cognitively normal before hip fracture surgery, those who developed postoperative delirium declined faster on MMSE and CDR-SB in the year after surgery, while those with existing cognitive impairment did not show this pattern. This points to delirium prevention as a way to protect long-term cognition, but it is an observational association, not a proven treatment.
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During follow-up, cholinergic WMHV was associated with an annual decline of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (β coefficient, -0.239; P = 0.004), and incident dementia (HR = 3.54; 95%CI: 2.05-6.10).
Why it matters
In this cohort, greater white matter hyperintensity volume in cholinergic pathways was linked to faster cognitive decline and higher risk of incident dementia. This highlights a potential indicator of cognitive deterioration but does not test any treatment.
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A total of 281 dementia patients (mean age 74.9 ± 9.2 y, 46.3% females) and 281 age-matched controls (mean age 74.3 ± 4.6 y, 55.9% females) were included.
Why it matters
In this case-control study, cerebrovascular disease and mood disorders were independently associated with dementia, while hyperlipidemia appeared protective. The design cannot prove cause and effect, and the protective role of hyperlipidemia needs further investigation.
From across this topic
10 of the 7,967 studies in this topic, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 10. The same 10 appear here every time.
- Neighborhood Disadvantage and Dementia Risk Among Older Patients With Kidney Failure: Differences by Race/Ethnicity and Urbanicity
- Prevalence of dementia in a rural setting: A report from India
- Atrial Fibrillation: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Outcomes
- Social and socioeconomic factors and cognitive outcomes in multiple sclerosis
- Neural Basis of Anxiety in Dementia With Lewy Bodies
- Health care utilization before and after a dementia diagnosis in Medicare Advantage versus traditional Medicare
- Sense of Coherence and Caregiver Burden Among Informal Caregivers of People with Dementia in China: The Mediating Role of Coping Strategies
- Test accuracy of cognitive screening tests for diagnosis of dementia and multidomain cognitive impairment in stroke
- Assessment of Cognitive Functions in Multimorbid Patients in Lithuanian Primary Care Settings: A Cross-Sectional Study Using MMSE and LT-GPCOG
- The potential for dementia prevention in Brazil: a population attributable fraction calculation for 14 modifiable risk factors