Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.
Download bibliography of all 8,032 studies, highest score first: BibTeX (.bib) · RIS (.ris)
Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.
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Implementation was feasible to differing degrees across sites, dependent on context.
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Late-life depression (LLD) is associated with development of different types of dementia.
Why it matters
This study assessed whether structural brain MRI in patients with late-life depression can predict mild cognitive impairment or dementia 1 year before diagnosis. It is a small prediction study, so it cannot show that any treatment or intervention would prevent cognitive decline.
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Because individuals develop dementia as a manifestation of neurodegenerative or neurovascular disorder, there is a need to develop reliable approaches to their identification.
Why it matters
This observational study describes a research initiative collecting genomic, imaging, and cognitive data across several neurodegenerative disorders to improve their identification. It is a study design and resource description and does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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This diagnosis, based on clinical and MRI findings, suggests that vascular lesions lead to depression by disruption of frontal-subcortical-limbic networks involved in mood regulation.
Why it matters
This consensus report discusses the disputed idea that vascular brain lesions cause late-life depression and notes that the causal relationship remains controversial. It does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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49/100
Given that aging is associated with higher risk of cognitive decline and dementia, improving early detection of cognitive impairment has become a research and clinical priority.
Why it matters
This study established normative data for the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in middle-aged and elderly Quebec-French people. It is about interpreting a cognitive screening test correctly, not about treating, curing, or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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A diagnosis of dementia confers an increased risk of either death or further admission within the following 12 months, highlighting the need for better cognitive screening in the acute setting, as well as targeted intervention such as comprehensive geriatric assessment.
Why it matters
This study found that dementia was present in over one-third of acutely unwell older hospital patients, and most of those cases had not been diagnosed before presentation. Patients with dementia were more likely to die or be readmitted within 12 months.
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Purpose of the study There is a global imperative to increase awareness of the emerging evidence on physical activity (PA) among older adults.
Why it matters
This review reports emerging evidence that physical activity is linked to improved cognitive function and reduced risk of dementia in older adults, alongside other benefits. It is a summary of existing evidence and does not present new trial results.
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Sensory abilities decline with age. More than 5% of the world's population, approximately 360 million people, have disabling hearing loss.
Why it matters
This review states that disabling hearing loss in adults is associated with numerous health issues including accelerated cognitive decline and increased risk of dementia. It notes age-related hearing loss has no known cure, and technologies such as hearing aids improve thresholds but do not restore hearing to normal.
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Clinicians and researchers who measure cognitive dysfunction often use the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale--Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), or the Clinical Dementia Rating scale (CDR-SOB).
Why it matters
This work used data from 1709 participants to build a chart showing how scores on the ADAS-Cog, MMSE and CDR-SOB correspond to each other. It is about making it easier to compare cognitive test scores across patients and studies, not about treating or preventing the disease.
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Traumatic brain injury, a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, is divided into three grades of severity: mild, moderate, and severe, based on the Glasgow Coma Scale, the loss of consciousness, and the development of post-traumatic amnesia.
Why it matters
This review states that traumatic brain injury can increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and motor neuron disease, and that repeated mild injuries can provoke a tauopathy. It describes risk associations and offers no treatment or prevention.
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All versions of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) lack population-based data of 80-plus individuals.
Why it matters
This study aimed to set cutoff scores on a Chinese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment for detecting mild cognitive impairment and dementia in elderly veterans. It is about improving diagnosis, not about treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) therapy have an increased risk of developing cognitive impairment and dementia, which are known relevant factors in disease prognosis and therapeutic success, but still lack adequate screening in clinical routine.
Why it matters
This study compared the Montreal Cognitive Assessment with the Mini-Mental State Examination and a detailed neuropsychological battery in 43 hemodialysis patients and 42 healthy controls. It evaluates a screening tool for cognitive impairment in kidney disease, not a treatment, cure or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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Resting-state (RS) functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging constitutes a novel paradigm that examines spontaneous brain function by using blood oxygen level-dependent contrast in the absence of a task.
Why it matters
Resting-state functional MRI can detect brain network changes, including default mode network alterations in Alzheimer's disease, and these changes correlate with disease progression and severity. However, different diseases often affect the same networks, so this method has limited specificity and does not itself treat or cure Alzheimer's disease.
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As the population ages, it is increasingly important to use effective short cognitive tests for suspected dementia.
Why it matters
This systematic review examined brief cognitive tests for suspected dementia and their validation in different settings to help clinicians choose appropriate tests. It is about diagnosis and does not test any treatment, so it says nothing about curing or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Knowledge about dementia is low and the symptoms are accepted as a problem of old age.
Why it matters
This cross-sectional qualitative study in Tanzania explored socio-cultural beliefs about dementia and the experiences of people with dementia and their caregivers. It describes beliefs and caregiver burden, not a treatment, cure or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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Cognitive impairment is an important hallmark of dementia, but deterioration of cognition also occurs frequently in non-demented elderly individuals.
Why it matters
This cross-sectional study described how cognitive function across various domains changes with age in non-demented older people. It is about patterns of normal aging cognition, not about treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Individuals with dementia were more likely to be diagnosed with 15 comorbidity complexes, including Parkinson's, stroke, diabetes, atherosclerosis (supposed dementia risk factors) or fluids and electrolyte disorders, insomnia, incontinence, pneumonia, fractures and injuries (supposed sequelae).
Why it matters
This claims data study found that individuals with dementia were more likely to be diagnosed with 15 comorbidity complexes, including Parkinson's, stroke, diabetes, and atherosclerosis, as well as conditions like insomnia, incontinence, pneumonia, and fractures. It describes associations between conditions and dementia but does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention.
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Measurement using validated tools for resident and family satisfaction and health outcomes showed that culture change interventions or clusters of interventions had few negative impacts, but also seldom resulted in statistically significant improvement.
Why it matters
This review found that culture change interventions in nursing homes seldom resulted in statistically significant improvement, though deep-culture-change homes reduced survey deficiencies. It concerns nursing home policy and quality, not the treatment, cure or prevention of Alzheimer's disease.
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These findings demonstrate that early life experiences influence the trajectory of cognitive aging.
Why it matters
This study found that early-life growth and childhood socioeconomic status were related to later-life memory and rate of cognitive decline in an ethnically diverse sample. It suggests early-life experiences influence cognitive aging, but it does not test any treatment, cure or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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Multiple reasons contribute to the institutionalization for people with dementia, with several factors that may influence why there were country differences.
Why it matters
This cross-sectional study in 8 European countries found that the main reasons informal caregivers gave for institutionalizing people with dementia were mostly patient-related, such as neuropsychiatric symptoms, care dependency and cognition. It is about reasons for placement and does not test any treatment or cure for dementia.
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Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate stage in the trajectory from normal cognition to dementia.
Why it matters
This review describes mild cognitive impairment as an intermediate stage between normal cognition and dementia, with a high rate of progression to dementia over a relatively short period. It covers classification, frequency and risk factors only and provides no treatment, cure or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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He has even given a threshold outlining when the practice of medicine ends versus when the practice of unethical, non–institutional review board approved research begins.
Why it matters
This paper discusses ethical issues of prescribing drugs off-label, including a drug prescribed for Alzheimer-type dementia outside its approved use. It does not report testing a treatment, cure, or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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Incidence rates of cognitive impairment and dementia are rising with the ageing population.
Why it matters
This review reports that epidemiological studies have found frailty increases the risk of future cognitive decline, and cognitive impairment increases the risk of frailty. It suggests the two interact in a cycle of decline with ageing, but does not establish a treatment or cure.
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Several reviews have summarized the prevalence of dementia in mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan.
Why it matters
This review combined 76 studies to estimate dementia prevalence in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan while accounting for differences in research methods. It provides area estimates of how many people have dementia but does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention.
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Frontotemporal dementia, a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder, is a common cause of young onset dementia (i.e. dementia developing in midlife or earlier).
Why it matters
This review describes the frequency, inheritance and poor survival of frontotemporal dementia and notes that reliable markers of the disease are still needed. It reports no treatment or cure and identifies no non-genetic risk factors.
From across this topic
10 of the 7,981 studies in this topic, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 10. The same 10 appear here every time.
- Comparing post-acute rehabilitation use, length of stay, and outcomes experienced by Medicare fee-for-service and Medicare Advantage beneficiaries with hip fracture in the United States: A secondary analysis of administrative data
- Palliative Care for Patients with Dementia: A National Survey
- Regular use of opioids and dementia, cognitive measures, and neuroimaging outcomes among UK Biobank participants with chronic non‐cancer pain
- Prediction and risk evaluation of delirium after surgery in older patients: development and internal validation of an algorithm from the prospective BioCog cohort study
- A Qualitative Study to Characterize the Experiences of Patients and Caregivers With Dementia Diagnostic Disclosure Communication and Care Planning
- Frequent in dementia, deadliest without it: delirium and mortality in hospitalised older adults
- Brain Photobiomodulation Therapy: a Narrative Review
- The effects of an engaged lifestyle on cognitive vitality: a field experiment
- Cognition Deficits in Parkinson's Disease: Mechanisms and Treatment
- Use of medications of questionable benefit in advanced dementia