Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.
Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.
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An 18-month multimodal intervention for older adults at risk of dementia could improve their cognitive function.
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a pathology with increasing prevalence in the context of a more long-lived society and it is the first cause of dementia in western countries.
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Initially, healthy older adults randomized to speed of processing cognitive training had a 29% reduction in their risk of dementia after 10 years of follow-up compared to the untreated control group.
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Among cognitively unimpaired participants with a family history of dementia, changes in cognition and brain MRI outcomes from baseline to year 3 did not differ significantly between those who followed the MIND diet and those who followed the control diet with mild caloric restriction.
Why it matters
In this randomized trial, people without cognitive impairment who followed the MIND diet showed no significant difference in cognition or brain MRI results after three years compared with those on a control diet. It does not support the MIND diet as a way to prevent cognitive decline.
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Study-level data from 14 studies, 2,310,330 individuals, and 102,174 dementia case patients were included.
Why it matters
Pooling data from 14 studies of more than 2.3 million people, this analysis found type 2 diabetes was associated with about a 60% higher risk of dementia, and the increase was similar in women (RR 1.62) and men (RR 1.58). For vascular dementia, the link was stronger in women: women with diabetes had a 19% greater risk than men (RRR 1.19, 95% CI 1.08–1.30). The cohorts were observational, so this shows an association, not that diabetes causes dementia or that treating it would prevent dementia.
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We assessed the risk of bias of included studies using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the overall certainty of the evidence for each outcome using GRADE.
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Seventeen studies (5373 patients) were included.
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Understanding the lifetime risk of dementia can inform public health planning and improve patient engagement in prevention.
Why it matters
This study estimates that about 42% of people who reach age 55 will develop dementia in their lifetime, with higher rates in women, Black adults, and APOE ε4 carriers. It projects that new dementia cases in the US will rise from about 514,000 a year in 2020 to about 1 million in 2060, which the authors say shows an urgent need for policies that support healthy aging and health equity.
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Of 34 239 patients enrolled, 24 065 had lengths of stay of at least 72 hours and were included in the primary analytic sample (10 313 in the default order group and 13 752 in the usual care group; 13 338 [55.4%] women; mean age, 77.9 years).
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In this meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials, blood pressure lowering with antihypertensive agents compared with control was significantly associated with a lower risk of incident dementia or cognitive impairment.
Why it matters
This meta-analysis of 14 randomized clinical trials with 96,158 participants found that blood pressure lowering with antihypertensive agents was significantly associated with a reduced risk of dementia or cognitive impairment. It supports treating high blood pressure as a way to lower dementia risk, though it does not show a treatment or cure for people who already have dementia.
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Modifiable vascular and lifestyle-related risk factors have been associated with dementia risk in observational studies.
Why it matters
In this two-year randomised trial in at-risk older people, a combined programme of diet, exercise, cognitive training and vascular risk monitoring produced a small, statistically significant advantage over control in the yearly change of a cognitive test-battery score (difference 0·022 per year; 95% CI 0·002–0·042). The authors say this "suggest[s]" such a programme "could improve or maintain cognitive functioning"; the record reports no dementia outcomes. Adverse events were more common with the intervention (7% vs 1%), mostly musculoskeletal pain.
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84/100
The multidomain intervention showed no efficacy in preventing cognitive decline.
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These findings suggest that a hearing intervention might reduce cognitive change over 3 years in populations of older adults at increased risk for cognitive decline but not in populations at decreased risk for cognitive decline.
Why it matters
In this US randomised trial of older adults with hearing loss, a hearing intervention did not change 3-year cognitive decline compared with a health education control: both groups declined by about 0·2 SD (difference 0·002, p=0·96), and no significant study-related adverse events were reported in either group. A prespecified sensitivity analysis found the effect differed between the trial's two cohorts (ARIC and de novo; p interaction =0·010), which the authors say suggests a hearing intervention "might" reduce cognitive change in older adults at increased risk of decline. That is a secondary signal, not a shown benefit.
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Among older adults with subjective cognitive concerns, mindfulness training, exercise, or both did not result in significant differences in improvement in episodic memory or executive function at 6 months.
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A 2-year multi-domain lifestyle intervention among older adults was effective in preventing cerebrovascular events and also total CVD events among those who had history of CVD.
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Data collection and analysis We initially screened search results using a 'crowdsourcing' method in which members of Cochrane's citizen science platform identify RCTs.
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We found moderate-quality evidence that postoperative cognitive dysfunction at three months could be reduced in these patients.
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There is consistent evidence supporting an association between AF and increased incidence of dementia in patients with stroke whereas there remains considerable uncertainty about any link in the broader population.
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The AgeWell.de intervention reduced dementia risk.
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Dementia is a common medical condition in the ageing population, and cognitive intervention is a non-pharmacologic strategy to improve cognitive functions.
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In this clinical trial, older adults with MCI receiving aerobic-resistance exercises with sequential computerized cognitive training significantly improved cognition, although some results were inconsistent.
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We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of multidomain intervention (MI) tailored to the Korean context.
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There was no significant reduction in hospital transfers per 1000 person-days alive in the intervention vs control groups (rate [SE], 3.7 [0.2]; 95% CI, 3.4-4.0 vs 3.9 [0.3]; 95% CI, 3.6-4.1; rate difference [SE], -0.2 [0.3]; 95% CI, -0.5 to 0.2).
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Presence and severity of WMH are associated with substantially increased risk of dementia, functional impairment, stroke recurrence, and mortality after ischemic stroke.
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83/100
The current study investigated several factors that might increase the risk of mortality in elderly patients with hip fracture.