Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.
Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.
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The 2024 Lancet Commission Report on dementia prevention has identified 14 modifiable risk factors that account for approximately 45% of global dementia cases.
Why it matters
This analysis proposes adding poverty, wealth shocks, income inequality, and HIV to existing dementia risk models, estimating this could raise the proportion of potentially preventable dementia cases to about 65%. These are modeled estimates of risk factors, not tested prevention strategies, so they do not show that addressing them prevents dementia.
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Over a median follow-up period of 4.33 years, 637 participants (7.27%) developed dementia.
Why it matters
In this cohort, people who engaged in outdoor activities almost daily had about a 25% lower risk of developing dementia than those who almost never did. This observational link supports outdoor activity as a possible way to reduce dementia risk, but it cannot prove that activity itself causes the lower risk.
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This study utilized an initial dataset of 188,700 participant records from NACC.
Why it matters
This analysis of 16,309 participants found the Montreal Cognitive Assessment detected dementia with 83% sensitivity and 82% specificity at a cutoff of 21, and was particularly reliable for ruling out dementia with a high negative predictive value of 94%. Its ability to detect mild cognitive impairment was moderate, with 77.3% sensitivity at a cutoff of 24.
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This was a retrospective analysis using nationally representative UK general practice population between 1998 and 2018, from electronic health records (Clinical Practice Research Datalink, CPRD, GOLD).
Why it matters
In people with dementia, being newly prescribed blood pressure medication was linked to a small increased risk of hospitalisation or death from falls. This is an observational study, so it cannot show that the medication caused the falls.
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BackgroundThe progression of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) leads to cognitive decline, which can be categorized into subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment (svMCI) and vascular dementia (VaD).ObjectiveThis research aimed to examine the structural changes in gray (GM) and white matter (WM) in the brain across the disease spectrum.
Why it matters
In a small sample of 30 healthy controls, 26 people with subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment and 29 with vascular dementia, more severe disease was linked to more gray and white matter changes. This is a small observational study and does not test any treatment or prevention.
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Nutritional knowledge supports better diet quality but may not suffice especially in older adults.
Why it matters
This study examined nutritional knowledge and diet quality in Polish adults, not Alzheimer's disease, so it provides no information on treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer's. It found that higher nutritional knowledge and education were linked to better diet quality.
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Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) are common and may be the most preventable cause of clinically significant cognitive decline.
Why it matters
This scientific statement reports that vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia are common and may be the most preventable cause of clinically significant cognitive decline. It found variability in estimates of vascular dementia, with higher prevalence in prospective epidemiological and autopsy-based studies than in physician diagnoses.
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Seriously ill older adults, including those living with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD), often receive disease-focused rehabilitative care in skilled nursing facilities (SNF) with little consideration for their palliative care (PC) needs.
Why it matters
In a small cross-sectional study of 52 older adults in skilled nursing facilities, there was no statistically significant difference in palliative care needs between those with and without dementia. It does not test any treatment, cure or prevention.
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Early identification of individuals at increased risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a pre-dementia state, can provide a critical window for prompt intervention to prevent or reverse disease progression.
Why it matters
This ongoing study uses in-home sensors and artificial intelligence to try to detect mild cognitive impairment early, and reports preliminary findings from 87 participants. It is a detection study only and does not test any treatment, cure or prevention.
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A total of 110 patients were identified.
Why it matters
Reviewing records of 110 patients, researchers found that the cognitive criterion for diagnosing behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia was met by only 14.5% of patients and appears overly restrictive, which may delay diagnosis and access to treatments. Survival time was not affected by the number or combination of core diagnostic criteria.
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Within 365 days, 5.2% (N = 10709) of individuals had a delirium or dementia-related hospitalization.
Why it matters
This population-based study developed a risk prediction model for delirium or dementia-related hospitalization within 365 days of long-term care entry, with moderate discrimination and reasonable calibration. The model may support clinicians in identifying high-risk individuals, but it is a prediction tool, not a treatment or cure.
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Dementia prevalence exceeds 40% for individuals in advanced old age, but that figure is not informative about the lifetime risk of ever having dementia or the risk of having dementia for different durations.
Why it matters
This longitudinal study estimated that 41.3% of people who died after age 70 had dementia six months before death, with higher risk for women, those with less education, non-Hispanic Black individuals, and those with lower lifetime earnings, and stroke significantly increased risk. These are population estimates of dementia risk and duration, not findings about treating, curing, or preventing the disease.
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Of 394 participants, 35 % had preoperative CI on the MoCA, 15 % on the AD8, and 12 % on the Mini-Cog.
Why it matters
In older surgical patients, the AD8 and Mini-Cog had moderate accuracy for detecting cognitive impairment, and the AD8 was linked to more complications and emergency visits at 90 days. This is about preoperative screening tools, not about treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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The study cohort comprised patients with a mean age of 87.2 ± 7.2 years (n = 100), 63% of whom had lived in nursing homes.
Why it matters
This cohort study of 100 hospitalized patients with dementia found that geriatric medicine teams cared for most patients and that recommended end-of-life care processes were implemented in the majority, with discussions about oral nutrition and hydration least frequent. It highlights opportunities to improve end-of-life care quality and does not test any treatment, cure or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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Thirteen studies were included (five guidelines, two clinical decisions, two systematic reviews, one meta-analysis, and three RCTs).
Why it matters
This review of thirteen studies found evidence supporting non-pharmacological interventions for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease, with recommendations intended to delay progression to Parkinson's disease dementia. It does not report a cure or a new drug, but consolidates existing evidence across themes such as cognitive training, exercise, and health education.
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The DEDICATED approach was implemented across 28 wards in three healthcare organizations.
Why it matters
The DEDICATED approach raised awareness of person-centred palliative care, but showed no significant impact on staff self-efficacy, work engagement, psychological empowerment, frequency of advance care planning discussion, or quality of end-of-life care. It does not test any treatment, cure or prevention.
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CBSD revealed a framework for how economic hardship, especially low income and unemployment, reduces access to physical and mental healthcare, driving dementia risk.
Why it matters
Using a community-based system dynamics approach, this study described how economic hardship such as low income and unemployment reduces access to physical and mental healthcare and drives dementia risk among adults racialized as Black, with structural racism acting as a force accelerating other drivers. The authors conclude that addressing dementia disparities requires targeting modifiable social and structural drivers through tailored public health interventions, not a medical treatment or cure.
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CDR-SB and MoCA scores showed strong inverse correlation (Spearman's ρ = -0.68; p < 0.001).
Why it matters
This study provides a validated bidirectional crosswalk between CDR-SB and MoCA scores, which were strongly inversely correlated. It supports harmonizing cognitive severity data across research and clinical settings, but it does not address treating, curing, or preventing dementia.
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The carers aged 56.2 (SD = 12.2); about two-thirds being female and adult-child caregivers.
Why it matters
This study developed a model showing that caregivers' positive experiences are predicted by self-efficacy in controlling upsetting thoughts, obtaining respite, and meaning-focused coping. It suggests that helping caregivers with emotion and role regulation and meaning-focused coping may improve their positive experience, but the model initially did not fit well and required adjustment.
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What we eat is a cornerstone of cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention, but health professionals may not have a clear understanding of the current evidence-based research to underpin eating habits and recommendations.
Why it matters
This scientific statement is about diet and cardiovascular disease prevention, not Alzheimer's disease. It reports that plant-based patterns such as the Mediterranean, DASH and vegetarian diets reduce cardiovascular risk, while diets high in ultra-processed foods, meat, salt, sugar and saturated fat increase it.
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Males were more likely than females to present with two or more core DLB clinical features 2 years prior to obtaining a diagnosis of dementia.
Why it matters
This longitudinal study found that in prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies, males exhibit a greater number of core features than females, and that core features may fall short in identifying females at risk. It is about sex differences in presentation, not about treating, curing or preventing dementia.
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In the MCI+NPS group, the most frequently endorsed NPS was anxiety (46.2 %), the less prevalent NPS was euphoria/elation (1.44 %).
Why it matters
This cross-sectional study found abnormal functional connectivity between the medial prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex in people with mild cognitive impairment who had neuropsychiatric symptoms. It describes a possible brain network contribution to these symptoms and does not test any treatment, cure or prevention.
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Real tACS paired with cognitive exercises significantly improved ADAS-Cog scores post-treatment compared to pre-treatment (p-value = 0.019), whereas sham tACS did not.
Why it matters
In this randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study, 40 Hz tACS paired with cognitive exercises improved ADAS-Cog scores after treatment and about 2-3 months later compared with sham, and improved MADRS depression scores. Both real and sham tACS reduced NPI-Q neuropsychiatric scores, so that particular improvement was not specific to the real treatment.
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49/100
= 0.143). LVI was significantly associated with incident ischemic stroke in the MI cohort (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.82, 95% CI 1.08-3.09), but not in the CCA cohort.
Why it matters
Cardiac MRI-detected left ventricular injury was linked to incident ischemic stroke and newly diagnosed dementia, though the stroke link appeared only in the heart attack cohort and not the other cohort. The authors say further studies are needed to confirm these MRI markers of brain injury risk.
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The growing morbidity, mortality, and health care costs related to heart failure (HF) underscore the urgent need to prioritize its primary prevention.
Why it matters
This American Heart Association statement is about risk-based primary prevention of heart failure, including risk equations and therapies such as sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors. It does not address Alzheimer's disease.
From across this topic
10 of the 7,967 studies in this topic, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 10. The same 10 appear here every time.
- Mediterranean diet and life expectancy; beyond olive oil, fruits, and vegetables
- A critical literature review exploring the challenges of delivering effective palliative care to older people with dementia
- Cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with frontotemporal dementia
- End-of-life dementia care: a qualitative study of the experiences and perceptions of minority ethnic and economically disadvantaged groups
- Five-Year Changes in 24-Hour Sleep-Wake Activity and Dementia Risk in Oldest Old Women
- Reduced hippocampal volume among adolescents with alcohol use disorders without psychiatric comorbidity
- Information Technology and the Economic Performance of the Grocery Store Industry
- Tooth Loss-Associated Mechanisms That Negatively Affect Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review of Animal Experiments Based on Occlusal Support Loss and Cognitive Impairment
- Association of neighbourhood walkability with pathophysiological markers and depressive symptoms by area deprivation index and cognitive status in older adults
- Additional file 2 of Factors influencing readiness for advance care planning in dementia: a qualitative interview study