Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.
Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.
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Among 87,229 matched patients per cohort, GLP-1 RA use was associated with a significantly lower risk of overall dementia (adjusted HR (AHR) 0.90; 95% CI 0.85 to 0.95), Alzheimer's disease (AD) (AHR 0.88; 95% CI 0.83 to 0.94), and non-vascular dementias (non-VaDs) (AHR 0.75; 95% CI 0.70 to 0.81) compared with metformin.
Why it matters
In this cohort study, people with type 2 diabetes taking GLP-1 receptor agonists had a lower risk of overall dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and non-vascular dementias compared with those taking metformin, but there was no significant difference for vascular dementia. The authors say randomized trials are needed to confirm these findings before GLP-1 receptor agonists could be considered a preferred first-line treatment.
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In total, 156 individuals were assessed for eligibility, and 79 (51%) were recruited (mean age 61.6 ± 6.9 (range 60-75) years; 68% male).
Why it matters
This pilot trial found that an adapted multidomain intervention was feasible and improved diet quality, step count, triglyceride levels, and quality of life, but it found no effect on cognitive performance over 6 months. It does not show that this intervention prevents or treats Alzheimer's disease.
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Selected clinical features may identify patients with suspected RPD who are likely to continue to decline.
Why it matters
Among 248 patients with suspected rapidly progressive dementia, 185 met criteria for it, and certain clinical features were associated with developing it. This study is about identifying features that predict progression and causes, not about treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Linear and logistic regression showed that childhood rural residence was associated with lower memory (standardized beta (β) = -1.68, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [-2.39, -0.97]), executive function (β = -1.20, 95% CI [-1.84, -0.55]), and language fluency (β = -0.86, 95% CI [-1.64, -0.08]).
Why it matters
This study found that living in a rural area during childhood was associated with lower later-life memory, executive function, and language fluency, and with higher risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia/MCI. The authors state this underscores the need for early targeted health care interventions to address rural-urban disparities, but no intervention was tested.
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We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the National Health Insurance Database in South Korea.
Why it matters
This cohort study found that sacubitril/valsartan use was associated with a 16% lower risk of dementia compared with ACEI/ARB use in patients with heart failure. However, most incident dementia cases were categorized as Alzheimer's dementia, and the study did not find a significant difference for vascular dementia.
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In total, 945 were included patients, and 28.1% (n = 266) had dementia.
Why it matters
This retrospective multicentre cohort found that physical and occupational therapy consultations in the emergency department for older adults with falls were high-yield for most patients, but most patients did not receive a therapist consultation. It is about fall care in the emergency department, not about treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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In 893 participants with average age 93 years (range 90-102), 43 % had SMC.
Why it matters
In people aged 90 and older, having subjective memory complaints was linked to about twice the risk of developing dementia over roughly 3.5 years. A single question about memory complaints might help identify the oldest old who have cognitive impairment or are at risk of dementia.
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For non-Indigenous peoples, the crude and age-standardised (World Health Organization standard) prevalence of dementia was 10.6 and 7.4 per 1000 persons, respectively.
Why it matters
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia had higher age-standardised dementia prevalence than non-Indigenous peoples, with the largest differences at younger ages, and remoteness reduced odds of dementia only for non-Indigenous peoples. The findings call for targeted health care policy but do not test any treatment, cure, or prevention.
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There were 16,708 eligible encounters during the 12-month study period (June 2022-May 2023).
Why it matters
This study found that a digital cognitive assessment could be implemented in primary care, with 10.8% of eligible visits completing it and about half of those tested scoring impaired or borderline. Among patients categorised as impaired, 2.1% received a new diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias and 5.1% a new diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment within 90 days.
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A total of 36 251 participants were included with a median follow-up time of 13.9 years.
Why it matters
In this study of 36,251 participants followed for a median of 13.9 years, increases in systolic blood pressure variability over time were associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease and overall mortality. The authors say the findings support managing systolic blood pressure variability in clinical practice, but the study does not test a dementia treatment or cure.
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The study sample included 21 193 170 patients with 32 199 587 beneficiary-year observations (mean [SD] age, 75.5 [7.3] years; 18 936 697 [58.8%] female; 983 513 [3.1%] Asian or Pacific Islander, 3 190 515 [9.9%] Black, 2 710 930 [8.4%] Hispanic, and 25 314 629 [78.6%] White).
Why it matters
White Medicare beneficiaries had consistently higher rates of potentially inappropriate medication use and harmful drug-disease interactions than other racial and ethnic groups, including among those with dementia. This concerns medication safety and prescribing disparities, not treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Females with sporadic bvFTD showed worse compulsive behavior (p = 0.026) and language impairments (p = 0.024) compared to females with genetic bvFTD (n = 152).
Why it matters
Females with sporadic behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia showed worse compulsive behavior and language impairments compared to females with genetic bvFTD, and genetic bvFTD females had smaller gray matter volumes particularly in the parietal lobe. This difference may explain the discrepancy in prevalence between genetic and sporadic cases, as some females without genetic mutations may be misdiagnosed due to atypical symptom presentation.
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This study was approved by the institutional review board in April 2022 and funded in May 2022.
Why it matters
This is a pilot trial protocol testing an internet-based intervention for African American female caregivers of people with dementia. It reports that the intervention was acceptable to participants, but no results on its effectiveness are available yet.
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Among 118,790 participants (average age 64.26 ± 9.95 years, 48% male), 16.7% developed dementia during an average follow-up of 7.3 ± 2.3 years.
Why it matters
Among 118,790 ischemic stroke patients followed for an average of 7.3 years, those with type 2 diabetes for five years or longer had a 46.7% higher risk of all-cause dementia, with increased risks of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. The findings support proactive dementia prevention in stroke survivors with longstanding type 2 diabetes, but the study did not test whether any treatment prevents or cures dementia.
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Of 490 783 participants, 21 468 (47.6% women) experienced an incident sepsis hospitalization.
Why it matters
This study is about risk factors for sepsis hospitalisation, not about treating, curing, or preventing Alzheimer's disease. Its only dementia-related finding is that dementia was associated with more than twice the risk of sepsis hospitalisation in men.
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A total of 6378 papers published between 2014 and 2023 were analyzed.
Why it matters
This analysis of published research found that social robots such as PARO improved mood and reduced agitation in patients with dementia, but the studies had small sample sizes and short durations. It does not show that AI, IoT, or edge intelligence can prevent, treat, or cure Alzheimer's disease.
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BackgroundIndividuals with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of developing both vascular and Alzheimer's dementia.
Why it matters
This study assessed the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in older adults with type 2 diabetes and found that a lower cut-off improved the balance between sensitivity and specificity for detecting mild cognitive impairment. It is about screening accuracy, not about treating, curing, or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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A total of 1,934,318 PLWD received care from 783,225 unique clinicians in 2019; PLWD saw a median of eight clinicians (interquartile range 5, 14).
Why it matters
This study found that Medicare beneficiaries with dementia saw a median of eight clinicians in 2019, with care spread across multiple settings and few receiving psychiatry, neurology, or geriatric subspecialty care. It describes care patterns and does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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Subjects with PD-SCD do not consistently show cognitive decline, but rather exhibit a heterogeneous progression.
Why it matters
In 198 patients with Parkinson's disease and subjective cognitive decline followed for 4 years, progressors had higher age, motor scores, levodopa dose, non-motor symptoms, memory complaints and REM-sleep behavior disorder at baseline. This identifies clinical predictors of cognitive decline, not a treatment, cure or prevention.
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This study aims to assess the burden of young-onset dementia worldwide, regionally, and nationally during 1990-2021.
Why it matters
Global age-standardized prevalence and incidence of young-onset dementia increased from 1990 to 2021, with smoking, high body-mass index, and high fasting plasma glucose as main risk factors. Population growth was the largest factor behind the increasing burden in all regions.
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At baseline, there were 126 participants (106 [84.1%] women); mean (SD) age was 44.13 (12.71) years, mean years of interpreting experience was 8.57 (8.48) years, and 106 of 120 (88.3%) lived in an urban area.
Why it matters
This trial tested training for interpreters who conduct cognitive assessments for dementia, and the main analysis found no significant improvement in overall communication quality compared with controls. A per-protocol analysis suggested benefit for interpreters who completed at least 70% of the training, and knowledge of dementia improved significantly.
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The evolving composition and experiences of the family caregiver workforce have profound ramifications for public policy but are not well understood.
Why it matters
This study found that the number of family caregivers helping older U.S. adults rose from 18.2 million to 24.1 million between 2011 and 2022, while fewer caregivers were assisting fewer older adults with dementia. Among dementia caregivers, co-residence increased by 25 percent, average care hours increased by 50 percent, and employment decreased, pointing to a need for tailored surveillance and support programs.
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Over a follow-up period of 6.2 years, 513 participants were diagnosed with dementia.
Why it matters
In this cohort study, high job control, high-skilled jobs, and high physical demands at work were associated with a reduced future risk of dementia, while psychological demands were not associated with dementia risk. The authors suggest that greater use of job skills and physically demanding work activities may help lower dementia risk.
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Compared to good olfaction, moderate olfaction (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26 to 1.86), hyposmia (HR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.81 to 2.78), and anosmia (HR: 3.47, 95% CI: 2.77 to 4.34) were all associated with higher dementia hazard; these associations were consistent across age, race, sex, and APOE ε4 groups.
Why it matters
In the community-based ARIC study, poorer sense of smell was strongly associated with higher dementia risk, with the strongest links in those with persistent impairment or decline over about 5 years. This supports olfactory testing as a possible risk marker, not a treatment or cure.
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The Nun Study is an iconic longitudinal study of aging and dementia on a cohort of 678 Catholic nuns from the School Sisters of Notre Dame.
Why it matters
This review of 30 years of Nun Study research describes findings such as early-life cognitive ability influencing late-life cognition and some people with Alzheimer's pathology not showing dementia. It summarizes contributions to understanding dementia but reports no treatment or cure.
From across this topic
10 of the 7,967 studies in this topic, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 10. The same 10 appear here every time.
- The burden of disease in older people and implications for health policy and practice
- Associations of early-onset coronary heart disease and genetic susceptibility with incident dementia and white matter hyperintensity: A prospective cohort study
- Development and validation of a model for estimating premorbid verbal intelligence in the elderly
- Two new positive psychosocial measures for persons living with dementia
- Prevalence of dementia in three ethnic groups: the South Florida program on aging and health
- Application of mini-mental state examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment in the diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer’s disease
- Outcome over seven years of healthy adults with and without subjective cognitive impairment
- Balance between innate versus adaptive immune system and the risk of dementia: a population-based cohort study
- Mind the gap: from neurons to networks to outcomes in multiple sclerosis
- Clinical Spectrum of Tauopathies