Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.
Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.
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BackgroundPeriodontitis is a chronic bacterial infection that elicits systemic inflammation.
Why it matters
In 642 older men followed for about 15 years, baseline periodontitis was not significantly associated with later dementia or mild cognitive impairment, though having more teeth predicted lower risk. Higher inflammatory markers were associated with dementia or mild cognitive impairment, but the study does not show that treating periodontitis prevents dementia.
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We will assess the utility of auditory perceptual tests, both alone and combined with blood-based biomarkers (pTau217 and NfL), for diagnosis and prognosis in individuals with cognitive symptoms.
Why it matters
This is a study protocol, so no results are available yet on whether auditory tests combined with blood biomarkers can diagnose dementia. It aims to test whether these digital tools are accurate, culturally fair, and cost-effective for early diagnosis.
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Although ACP programs in nursing homes may increase DNR directives, evidence of other EoL outcomes remains limited and inconsistent.
Why it matters
This review of advance care planning programs in nursing homes found the studies were too different to combine, and pooling three studies on place of death showed no significant link. It offers no evidence that advance care planning changes the course of dementia.
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Over 13.45 years, 992 all-cause dementia cases were recorded.
Why it matters
In this UK Biobank cohort, drinking more than one glass a day of sugar-sweetened beverages was linked to higher dementia risk, while coffee and tea were linked to lower risk, and substituting coffee or tea for these beverages was linked to reduced risk. The authors support beverage substitution as a possible targeted strategy, but the study is observational and does not prove cause and effect.
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A total of 2540 records were screened. We included 10 studies.
Why it matters
This systematic review found that postoperative delirium in cardiac surgery patients is a significant independent risk factor for cognitive impairment after ICU discharge, affecting memory, orientation, concentration, visual construction, language and attention. It is about delirium after surgery, not about treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Of the 799 participants (mean [SD] age, 46.2 [11.6] years; 424 women [53.1%]) randomized, 641 completed the 12-month follow-up and were included in the intention-to-treat analysis: 341 (n = 4 mosques) in the intervention group and 300 (n = 4 mosques) in the control group.
Why it matters
This study was about preventing type 2 diabetes, not Alzheimer's disease, so it provides no direct information about treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer's. It found that a mosque-based lifestyle program in rural Bangladesh reduced new cases of type 2 diabetes over 12 months.
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52/100
Relationship between alcohol drinking and incident dementia remained uncertain.
Why it matters
This UK Biobank cohort found that low-to-moderate drinking was linked to lower dementia risk, while heavy drinking showed no significant link. As an observational study, it cannot prove that alcohol prevents dementia.
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= 0.028). AAS perception stratifies FTD syndromes and constitutes a "real-world audiogram" in these diseases.
Why it matters
This case-control study found that acoustically altered speech perception stratifies frontotemporal dementia syndromes and constitutes a 'real-world audiogram' in these diseases. It provides a potential diagnostic tool but no treatment or cure.
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This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a year-long, home-based individual cognitive stimulation (iCS) program on cognitive performance, mood, functional independence, and quality of life (QoL) in older adults with mild Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia.
Why it matters
In this small randomized trial of 39 older adults with mild dementia, a year-long home-based individual cognitive stimulation program improved global cognition, mood, and functional independence compared with a control group that declined. The authors note that larger studies with long-term follow-up are needed to confirm these findings.
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In the whole population (N = 1,214,286) and the subpopulation (N = 88,565), 5 % had no risk factors, 12 % had only one, and 82 % had multiple.
Why it matters
In a nationwide Danish study, 82% of people had multiple dementia risk factors at once, with hypertension the most common. This supports focusing on multidomain interventions for dementia risk reduction, but the study was cross-sectional and did not test whether such interventions work.
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BackgroundWith increasing population longevity, Alzheimer's disease and dementia have become a health priority, and high-quality incidence estimates are needed.
Why it matters
This Norwegian study measured how many people aged 70 and older developed dementia over about four years, finding a cumulative incidence of 14.3%. It provides incidence estimates for planning care but tests no treatment, cure, or prevention.
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Out of 462,327 eligible participants, those with constipation were associated with higher incidence of three outcome diseases (1415/20,263 [7.0%]) than those without (18,848/442,064 [4.3%]), with adjusted hazard ratio (HR) being 1.35 [1.27-1.42].
Why it matters
People with constipation had a higher risk of later stroke, dementia and Parkinson's disease, with the dementia risk 50% higher, and the link was stronger in the first two years. The authors suggest constipation may be a prodromal symptom and should be considered in risk prediction models.
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52/100
Participants included 202 physicians and three nurse specialists who assumed similar medical responsibilities.
Why it matters
This survey of clinicians in six countries found that acceptability of euthanasia for people with dementia varied widely, being higher in the Netherlands than elsewhere. It addresses end-of-life policy and practice, not the treatment, cure or prevention of Alzheimer's disease.
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This study included 3540 participants with RVC data and 489 with WMH data (median [IQR] age: 73.2 [71.4-76.3] and 72.5 [71.2-75.4] years; female: 52.9% and 47.6%) over a median follow-up of 7.4 [IQR 5.5-8.5] and 3.8 [IQR 2.9-5.3] years, respectively.
Why it matters
In community-dwelling older adults, baseline retinal vessel calibres were not significantly associated with cognitive trajectories or with white matter hyperintensities, while larger baseline WMH volumes were associated with greater global and domain-specific cognitive decline. The study found no significant link for retinal vessel calibre, so it does not support that measure as a useful marker here.
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Social isolation and loneliness have emerged as significant and modifiable risk factors for dementia, especially in older adults.
Why it matters
This narrative review reports that social isolation and loneliness independently raise dementia risk by 26% and 32%, and that randomized trials of social interventions, particularly group engagement and technology-enhanced connectivity, can slow cognitive decline and preserve independence. It supports addressing social connection as part of dementia prevention, but it does not show that these interventions cure or prevent Alzheimer's disease itself.
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A positive 4AT (≥1) on admission demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.87 and specificity of 0.71 when compared to a clinical diagnosis of dementia.
Why it matters
This study found that a positive 4AT score on admission had a sensitivity of 0.87 and specificity of 0.71 compared with a clinical diagnosis of dementia, though false negatives still occurred in about 1 in 8 patients. The findings support the 4AT as a screening tool and reinforce the need for clinical assessment, not any treatment or cure.
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Index participants averaged 71.9 years, with > 50% lacking formal education.
Why it matters
This longitudinal study found that the 16-item IQCODE is a reliable and valid tool for dementia assessment in rural South Africa, including among people with low education. It supports use of this questionnaire in similar settings and for cross-national comparisons, but it is an assessment tool rather than a treatment, cure, or prevention.
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In men, increasing depressive symptoms were associated with significantly steeper rates of cognitive decline, as measured by global cognitive and functional outcomes, and with an increased risk of dementia compared to consistently low depressive symptoms.
Why it matters
In men with mild cognitive impairment, increasing depressive symptoms were linked to steeper cognitive decline and higher dementia risk, while these associations were absent in women. This points to the possibility of sex-specific, depression-targeted prevention strategies, though the findings are associations and not proof that treating depression prevents dementia.
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52/100
This bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive overview of research trends in immune-related cognitive impairment.
Why it matters
Analysing 3,737 publications from 1985 to 2024, this bibliometric study mapped research on the immune system and cognitive impairment, finding output has risen sharply since 2021, led by the United States and China. Major themes included neuroinflammation, microglia, gut microbiota, TREM2 and inflammasomes, with the gut-brain axis an emerging topic. It describes research trends rather than new findings about treating Alzheimer's.
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Bile acids (BAs) may contribute to dementia by regulating neuroinflammation and influencing gut-brain axis signaling, especially in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Why it matters
Reviewing twelve population studies, the authors found that people with dementia tend to have lower levels of the primary bile acid cholic acid and higher levels of several secondary bile acids in their blood. Longitudinal studies linked this pattern to a higher risk of dementia. The authors conclude bile acids play a complex role in dementia, and these findings are associations rather than proof of cause.
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52/100
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality globally, with over 20 million deaths each year.
Why it matters
This review is about environmental risk factors for cardiovascular disease, not Alzheimer's disease, so it provides no information on Alzheimer's treatment, cure or prevention. It describes how air pollution, noise, heat, chemicals and light pollution may raise cardiovascular risk.
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There were 7458 incident all-cause dementia cases (1636 VaD, 3376 AD) after 4,165,352 person-years of follow-up.
Why it matters
In this UK Biobank study, people with the worst sleep health scores had a higher risk of all-cause dementia and vascular dementia, and only the most severely disturbed sleep pattern was linked to higher Alzheimer's risk. The findings are observational, so they cannot prove that improving sleep prevents dementia.
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A significant reduction in underdiagnosis of dementia was observed between the two periods, consistent across most countries.
Why it matters
Across 19 European countries, underdiagnosis of dementia decreased between two periods, with progress linked to factors such as numbers of psychiatrists and use of PET. This is about improving detection and diagnosis, not about treating or preventing the disease.
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= 1661), 622 developed dementia within 5 years.
Why it matters
In people with subjective cognitive decline or mild cognitive impairment, smaller hippocampus and amygdala volumes were linked to a higher risk of developing dementia within 5 years. This suggests these brain measures could help estimate a person's short-term dementia risk, though the study does not show that any treatment changes this risk.
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52/100
The study included 212 patients, with a mean age of 82.27 years.
Why it matters
Among elderly COVID-19 inpatients, delirium was very common and linked to higher mortality, with a history of dementia and depression greatly increasing risk. The findings suggest that routine screening for cognitive vulnerabilities and early correction of modifiable factors could help reduce delirium in pandemics and beyond.
From across this topic
10 of the 7,967 studies in this topic, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 10. The same 10 appear here every time.
- Prevalence of cognitive impairment without dementia in the United States
- The Efficacy of Cognitive Intervention in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI): a Meta-Analysis of Outcomes on Neuropsychological Measures
- Cognitive impairments in Parkinson's disease
- Neighborhood Deprivation, Subjective and Objective Cognitive Impairment
- Using video images of dementia in advance care planning
- The MIND diet, cognitive function, and well-being among healthy adults at midlife: a randomised feasibility trial
- Association of Reproductive History With Brain MRI Biomarkers of Dementia Risk in Midlife
- Practice parameter update: the care of the patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: multidisciplinary care, symptom management, and cognitive/behavioral impairment (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology
- Rate of progression differs in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer disease
- Prognostic factors for severity and mortality in patients infected with COVID-19: A systematic review