Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.
Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.
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Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition that may affect both motor and cognitive function.
Why it matters
This study developed a machine learning model that performed non-inferiorly to clinical assessment for diagnosing mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease and identified a subgroup not captured by the clinical test. It is about improving diagnosis and does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention.
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The cultural tailoring of interventions is promising to address disparities in dementia care and interventions in underserved communities.
Why it matters
In a randomized trial of 161 person-with-dementia and care-partner pairs, both the IDEA and s-RDAD programs improved physical activity and quality of life for the person with dementia, and IDEA care partners had higher community resource literacy at 30 weeks. This tests support programs for underserved communities, not a treatment, cure, or prevention of Alzheimer's disease.
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Falls are an early sign of dementia risk, and genetic susceptibility facilitates this association.
Why it matters
Falls were associated with a higher risk of dementia and cognitive decline in three separate cohorts, and with changes in brain structure. This suggests that falls may be an early sign of dementia risk, but the study does not show that preventing falls prevents dementia.
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Delirium screening was performed exclusively in patients aged ≥75 years, accounting for 7.3% of all surgical patients.
Why it matters
Delirium after surgery was linked to higher death rates, more complications and loss of independence, but screening was done only in patients aged 75 and over and was often missed. The findings point to better routine screening and prevention rather than a treatment for Alzheimer's disease itself.
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We included 17098 records, 4139 from deceased individuals (mean age 81) and 12959 from living individuals (mean age 79).
Why it matters
This nested case-control study identified clinical triggers in electronic primary health care records, such as consultations concerning malignancy, hospital admissions, and dementia, that were associated with death and could help time advance care planning. It suggests these triggers can be recognised in routine records and align with the window of opportunity to initiate advance care planning.
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Time is an under-recognised social determinant of brain health, and is potentially as important as education or income for dementia risk.
Why it matters
This personal view argues that lack of discretionary time, or temporal inequity, is an under-recognised barrier to adopting dementia risk-reducing behaviours such as sleep, physical activity, nutrition, and social engagement. It is a conceptual argument calling for research and policy, not a study showing that any intervention prevents dementia.
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Overall, 430 093 participants were included.
Why it matters
In a large prospective cohort of people without diabetes, higher estimated glucose disposal rate was associated with lower risks of stroke, vascular dementia, all-cause dementia, and Alzheimer disease. The study also found that reduced eGDR and elevated genetic susceptibility interacted, but it does not show that improving glucose disposal prevents dementia.
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Limited studies focusing on the intersectional determinants of preferences of ethnic minority groups or post-migrants with dementia were found.
Why it matters
This review found only 22 relevant articles on the care preferences of ethnic minority and post-migrant groups with dementia, with preferences shaped by culture, language, immigration, socioeconomic position, and gender roles. It identifies gaps in research and practice but does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention.
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Among 331,731 participants (mean ± SD age, 56.53 ± 8.1 years; 156,762 [47.26 %] male), 4413 (1.33 %) developed dementia during a mean follow-up of 12.8 years.
Why it matters
This prospective cohort study found that advanced cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome correlated with higher risk of dementia, and genetic susceptibility further strengthened this association. It also noted that individuals in later stages of CKM syndrome demonstrated poorer performance on cognitive function tests.
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) had a 14% increase in the rate of dementia incidence (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.06-1.23; P <.001), and each standard deviation (SD) decrease in eBMD was associated with a 49% increase in dementia risk (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.19-1.86; P <.001).
Why it matters
In this UK Biobank cohort, lower heel bone mineral density was independently associated with increased dementia risk, but adding it to dementia prediction models gave minimal improvement. This is an observational association and does not show that changing bone density would prevent dementia.
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53/100
The analytical sample comprised 1481 NCI (76.7% female) and 515 MCI (69.7% female) participants.
Why it matters
This study found that the proportion of potentially preventable dementia cases was similar in people with no cognitive impairment and those with mild cognitive impairment, but that this proportion was higher in males than females, with different risk factor profiles by sex. It supports the idea that dementia risk is modifiable even after mild cognitive impairment begins, but it does not test a specific treatment or cure.
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BackgroundWith the changing demographic landscape in most countries worldwide, early identification of cognitive impairment in multicultural populations is increasingly relevant.
Why it matters
This study compared five cognitive screening tools in a multicultural memory clinic sample of 187 participants and found all were strongly correlated with high diagnostic accuracy for dementia. Diagnostic accuracy for cognitive impairment did not significantly differ between European native-born and immigrant participants.
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Of the patients, 82.2% were receiving at least one dizziness-associated medication and 71.2% at least one hypotension-associated medication.
Why it matters
In this cohort study of older adults with dementia, each additional medication associated with dizziness or hypotension was linked to a 4% increased risk of all-cause emergency hospitalisation, but no association was found with hospitalised falls, mortality or cognitive decline. It concerns medication safety in people who already have dementia, not treatment, cure or prevention of the disease.
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According to the results, 31.4% of the sample consisted of subjects without cognitive impairment, 40.5% were identified as possible cases of MCI, and 24.9% as possible cases of dementia.
Why it matters
This cross-sectional study found a high prevalence of possible mild cognitive impairment and dementia in northern Peru, with age, low education, hypertension, and hearing loss as potential risk factors for cognitive impairment. It suggests that these factors should be considered in public health strategies.
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This multimodal intervention program demonstrated no effectiveness in mitigating cognitive decline.
Why it matters
This 18-month randomized controlled trial found no significant difference between a multimodal intervention and control in the primary cognitive outcome, though a subgroup with mild cognitive impairment showed a significant intervention effect. The main result does not support the intervention for preventing dementia in this population.
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Dementia risk was significantly higher in patients with epilepsy compared with that of controls (IRR: 3.65; 95% CI: 3.14-4.24), especially within the first 2 years post-diagnosis (aHR: 5.42; 95% CI: 4.30-6.83), peaking between 8 and 10 years (aHR: 8.25; 95% CI: 3.15-21.5).
Why it matters
This nationwide cohort study found that people with epilepsy had a higher risk of dementia, especially in the first two years after diagnosis and among younger patients. The findings suggest early cognitive assessment, but do not provide a treatment, cure, or prevention.
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This study included 33,355 patients in the training, 14,294 in the internal validation, and 6711 in the external validation sets.
Why it matters
This retrospective cohort study developed machine learning models to predict postoperative functional disability and mortality in older patients with cancer, with dementia among the top influential factors. It is about surgical decision-making and care planning, not treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Among 40,074 inpatient encounters (median age 72 years [IQR 62-82], 46.9% male, 22.7% Black, 4.6% Hispanic), the most common serious illness was heart failure (66.0%), followed by COPD (39.3%), kidney failure (12.4%), cancer (12.3%), and dementia (11.6%).
Why it matters
This study of inpatient encounters found that patients with dementia and cancer received palliative care consultation the most, but that consultation was underutilised overall and varied substantially across hospitals, diseases, and patient race. It underscores the need for standardised approaches to improve adherence to guideline-recommended palliative care consultation.
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Lifestyle behavioral change is a critical component for secondary prevention of stroke.
Why it matters
This review is about lifestyle behavior change for preventing a second stroke, not Alzheimer's disease, so it offers no information on Alzheimer's treatment, cure or prevention. It found that most included studies showed mixed effects or no change in the risk factors measured.
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Midlife individuals who experienced HDP had lower regional CBF and reduced white matter microstructural integrity, compared with those with no adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Why it matters
In this pilot study of 81 women, prior hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were examined in relation to brain MRI markers of microvascular injury about 11 years after delivery. As a small pilot, it cannot establish cause or show any treatment or prevention effect.
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A total of 5,129 participants were included in the study (59% female; 22% identified as Black; mean (standard deviation) age at visit 5 of 75 (5) years).
Why it matters
This study found that high late-life BMI was associated with lower dementia risk, but elevated risk was observed only for participants whose BMI had decreased from midlife to late life. It highlights the importance of considering weight loss from midlife to late life in dementia risk stratification, but does not test a treatment or cure.
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53/100
Despite a well-known inverse association between education and dementia risk, the mediating mechanisms are not well understood.
Why it matters
Among 7,655 adults aged 70 and over, lower education was associated with higher odds of dementia, and health and lifestyle risk factors from early through late adulthood partially mediated this link. The authors suggest these factors may be targets to address differences in dementia risk related to education.
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Some 5695 patients were identified and included in the final analysis.
Why it matters
In this group of patients, late-life bipolar disorder was linked to a lower chance of developing dementia than late-life depression, while anxiety disorders showed a similar chance to depression. The authors note that more prospective studies are needed to understand the link between these late-life conditions and dementia.
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A total of 400 103 AF and dementia-related deaths were recorded between 2000 and 2020.
Why it matters
Deaths related to atrial fibrillation and dementia in U.S. older adults rose from an age-adjusted rate of 25.4 in 2000 to 70.4 in 2020, with higher rates in nonmetropolitan areas. The paper calls for targeted screening and intervention but does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention.
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9118 references were identified, and 103 articles (from 78 studies) published between 1992 and 2024 were included.
Why it matters
This review found that post-stroke cognitive impairment and dementia are common in Southeast Asia, with prevalence varying widely across countries. It also found limited and mixed evidence on management strategies, and a lack of research from low- and lower-middle-income countries.
From across this topic
10 of the 7,967 studies in this topic, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 10. The same 10 appear here every time.
- Delirium in elderly patients and the risk of postdischarge mortality, institutionalization, and dementia: a meta-analysis
- Assessing quality of life in older adults with cognitive impairment
- Eating and swallowing care disparities in persons with dementia: A conceptual framework
- [Bilateral hip fracture in a patient with Down syndrome]
- What are the best practices for providing end-of-life care to patients with coexisting COPD, dementia, and cancer?
- Memory impairment, but not cerebrovascular disease, predicts progression of MCI to dementia
- Cerebral microbleeds: a review of clinical, genetic, and neuroimaging associations
- Increased risk of cognitive impairment or dementia in women who underwent oophorectomy before menopause
- Impairment of activities of daily living requiring memory or complex reasoning as part of the MCI syndrome
- Comparison of the Saint Louis University mental status examination and the mini-mental state examination for detecting dementia and mild neurocognitive disorder--a pilot study