This page is alzhub.org's plain-English summary of a published study, not the paper itself. It is generated from the record we hold for this study, sourced and linked below — check the original for the full text and methods.

52/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 52 out of 100. Caregiving

Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies

Plain-language summary

A total of 36 251 participants were included with a median follow-up time of 13.9 years. In the fully adjusted models, an increased SBPV from Period 1 to Period 2 was significantly associated with an increased risk of CVD, CHD, stroke, CKD, and overall mortality (all P for trend .05. Regarding SBPV change patterns, compared with the participants with consistently low SBPV, participants with a consistently high SBPV during the two periods had an increased risk of CVD, CHD, stroke, AF, HF, CKD, and overall mortality, with a risk evaluation of 28%-46%. The observed associations remained largely unchanged across subgroup and sensitivity analyses. An increase in SBPV over time was associated with an elevated risk of CVD, CKD, and overall mortality. These findings provide compelling evidence to inform the importance for the management of SBPV in clinical practice.

Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris

APA 7th

Cheng, X., Song, C., Ouyang, F., Ma, T., He, L., Fang, F., et al. (2025). Systolic blood pressure variability: risk of cardiovascular events, chronic kidney disease, dementia, and death. European Heart Journal. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf256

Vancouver

Cheng X, Song C, Ouyang F, Ma T, He L, Fang F, et al. Systolic blood pressure variability: risk of cardiovascular events, chronic kidney disease, dementia, and death. European Heart Journal. 2025. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf256. PMID: 40249367.

BibTeX

@article{cheng2025-40249367,
  author  = {Cheng, Xunjie and Song, Chao and Ouyang, Feiyun and Ma, Tianqi and He, Lingfang and Fang, Fang and Zhang, Guogang and Huang, Jiaqi and others},
  title   = {{Systolic blood pressure variability: risk of cardiovascular events, chronic kidney disease, dementia, and death}},
  journal = {European Heart Journal},
  year    = {2025},
  doi     = {10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf256},
  pmid    = {40249367},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf256}
}

Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record's author list ends in “et al.”, so not every author is named. Check the citation against the original before you use it.

How to read this study

Design: our record does not state a study design, so check the methods section of the original before weighing the result.
Size: the record lists 251 participants. Ask whether that is enough for the question, and who they were.
Effect: the record gives no effect size, so the summary above cannot say how large any difference was.

What the evidence grade means here

This page is graded low. alzhub.org assigns the grade automatically from keywords in the abstract, not from reading the paper. Low means the abstract matched neither pattern. It is the default label, and it does not mean the work is poor; many sound lab and imaging papers land here. It can add at most 5 of the 100 points in the study score, and it is a label about design, not a verdict on whether the findings are true.

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Key findings

A total of 36 251 participants were included with a median follow-up time of 13.9 years.
In the fully adjusted models, an increased SBPV from Period 1 to Period 2 was significantly associated with an increased risk of CVD, CHD, stroke, CKD, and overall mortality (all P for trend .05.
Regarding SBPV change patterns, compared with the participants with consistently low SBPV, participants with a consistently high SBPV during the two periods had an increased risk of CVD, CHD, stroke, AF, HF, CKD, and overall mortality, with a risk evaluation of 28%-46%.
The observed associations remained largely unchanged across subgroup and sensitivity analyses.
An increase in SBPV over time was associated with an elevated risk of CVD, CKD, and overall mortality.

Why it matters

In this study of 36,251 participants followed for a median of 13.9 years, increases in systolic blood pressure variability over time were associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease and overall mortality. The authors say the findings support managing systolic blood pressure variability in clinical practice, but the study does not test a dementia treatment or cure.

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Study details

Participants251
Evidence strengthLow

How this study scored 52/100

Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, effect reported and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	7 / 10	Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (European Heart Journal)
Journal's citation record	3 / 4	European Heart Journal: journal h-index 456 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29)
Study design	0 / 12	No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Strength of evidence	1 / 5	Rated “low” in our summary
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	4 / 5	2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size	2 / 4	251 participants
Effect reported	0 / 3	No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Studied in people	3 / 3	Studied in people (participant count stated)
Randomized / blinded	0 / 2	No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited	3 / 7	Cited 37 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10)
Citations per year	3 / 5	12.3 citations a year over 3 year(s) since 2025
Impact for its field and year	5 / 6	Cited 24.0× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI)
Cited by studies here	0 / 6	No other study in this library cites it
Still being cited	2 / 4	Cited 37 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex)
Senior author's track record	2 / 4	Last-listed author Yongping Bai: h-index 31 (OpenAlex, whole career)
Institution's track record	1 / 3	Karolinska Institutet: institution h-index 1,477 (OpenAlex)
Multicenter collaboration	2 / 3	OpenAlex lists 5 institution(s) in 3 countries
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 40249367)
Free to read	2 / 2	Free to read
Total	52 / 100	—

What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →

Read the original

Full text: free to read — OpenAlex lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 6 Feb 1020).

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