Home › Research › Risk factors
Neighborhood Deprivation, Subjective and Objective Cognitive Impairment
Britney Sun, Fangyu Yeh, Pauline Zheng, Laura Marie Curtis, Julia Yoshino‐Benavente, Han Q Luu, Patrick Cecil, Prophecy Agyare et al.. Alzheimer s & Dementia, 2024-12-01
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
Abstract Background Social determinants of health have been associated with disparities in health outcomes, including cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. While individual‐level disparities have been characterized, more research is needed into structural social determinants of health (SSDoH) and their association with cognitive outcomes, especially for those in midlife. This study aimed to investigate the association between SSDoH and subjective and objective measures of cognitive impairment. Methods English‐speaking adults ages 35‐64 were recruited from an academic general internal medicine practice and federally qualified health network in the Chicagoland area. SSDoH was evaluated using the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), a validated factor‐based index of neighborhood socioeconomic context using participant census block, then divided into terciles with the highest tercile indicating highest neighborhood deprivation. Subjective cognitive concern was measured by a single question assessing concern about cognitive or memory issues as part of the Everyday Cognition Cog scales. Objective cognition was measured using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) with MoCA < 23 (out of 30) indicating cognitive impairment. We used univariate and multivariable logistic regression models to characterize the relationship between SSDoH and cognitive impairment, including a priori covariates of age, sex, education, and number of chronic conditions. Results A total of 596 participants (age 52±8; 64% female; 42% non‐Hispanic Black, 34% non‐Hispanic White, 16% Hispanic; 62% college graduate) were included in the analysis. Younger age, female sex, non‐Hispanic Black race, and lower education and income were associated with higher ADI (Table 1). One‐third of participants (34%) reported subjective cognitive concern, whereas objective cognitive impairment was found in 22.6%. Compared to the lowest ADI tercile (i.e. least deprived), the highest ADI tercile (i.e. most deprived) was significantly associated with objective cognitive impairment (aOR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.5‐5.9; p = 0.001) but not subjective cognitive concerns (aOR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.7‐2.0; p = 0.46), after adjusting for a priori covariates (Table 2). Conclusions Neighborhood deprivation is associated with Future research should investigate the possible mechanisms of this association to identify optimal interventions at the neighborhood level.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Sun, B., Yeh, F., Zheng, P., Curtis, L. M., Yoshino‐Benavente, J., Luu, H. Q., et al. (2024). Neighborhood Deprivation, Subjective and Objective Cognitive Impairment. Alzheimer s & Dementia. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.089352
Vancouver
Sun B, Yeh F, Zheng P, Curtis LM, Yoshino‐Benavente J, Luu HQ, et al. Neighborhood Deprivation, Subjective and Objective Cognitive Impairment. Alzheimer s & Dementia. 2024. doi:10.1002/alz.089352.
BibTeX
@article{sun2024-169bda1b,
author = {Sun, Britney and Yeh, Fangyu and Zheng, Pauline and Curtis, Laura Marie and Yoshino‐Benavente, Julia and Luu, Han Q and Cecil, Patrick and Agyare, Prophecy and others},
title = {{Neighborhood Deprivation, Subjective and Objective Cognitive Impairment}},
journal = {Alzheimer s \& Dementia},
year = {2024},
doi = {10.1002/alz.089352},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.089352}
}
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record's author list ends in “et al.”, so not every author is named. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
Key findings
- Abstract Background Social determinants of health have been associated with disparities in health outcomes, including cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease.
- Results A total of 596 participants (age 52±8; 64% female; 42% non‐Hispanic Black, 34% non‐Hispanic White, 16% Hispanic; 62% college graduate) were included in the analysis.
- Younger age, female sex, non‐Hispanic Black race, and lower education and income were associated with higher ADI (Table 1).
- Compared to the lowest ADI tercile (i.e. least deprived), the highest ADI tercile (i.e. most deprived) was significantly associated with objective cognitive impairment (aOR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.5‐5.9; p = 0.001) but not subjective cognitive concerns (aOR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.7‐2.0; p = 0.46), after adjusting for a priori covariates (Table 2).
- Conclusions Neighborhood deprivation is associated with Future research should investigate the possible mechanisms of this association to identify optimal interventions at the neighborhood level.
Why it matters
This study examined whether neighborhood deprivation was linked to subjective and objective measures of cognitive impairment in midlife adults. It does not test any treatment, cure or prevention, and the results describe associations rather than causes.
New to this subject? Start with our plain-English guide: Risk factors, ranked →
Study details
- Participants596
- Effect size22.6%
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 38/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Alzheimer s & Dementia) |
| Journal's citation record | 2 / 4 | Alzheimer s & Dementia: journal h-index 228 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 4 / 5 | 2024 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 2 / 4 | 596 participants |
| Effect reported | 2 / 3 | Effect reported as a number, without an interval or test |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 0 / 7 | Cited 0 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 0 / 5 | 0.0 citations a year over 4 year(s) since 2024 |
| Impact for its field and year | 0 / 6 | Cited 0.0× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 0 / 6 | No other study in this library cites it |
| Still being cited | 0 / 4 | Cited 0 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 2 / 4 | Last-listed author Minjee Kim: h-index 22 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 2 / 3 | Northwestern University: institution h-index 1,592 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 0 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 1 institution(s) in 1 country — scores zero (affiliation lists can be incomplete) |
| Indexed in PubMed | 1 / 2 | Not in PubMed, but has a DOI |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Total | 38 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
Full text: free to read — OpenAlex lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 6 Feb 1020).
Related studies in Risk factors
Also tagged “examination”
840 studies in the library carry the topic tag “examination”; these are this study's neighbours in a fixed, alphabetical-by-hash tour of them, not the closest in content. All 840 tagged studies.