Get help now — free helplines

You can call any of these for free. You do not need a diagnosis, an appointment, or a crisis to call — questions and plain exhaustion are reasons enough.

  • Alzheimer's Association 24/7 Helpline 800-272-3900 24 hours a day, 365 days a year Free, confidential support and information for people with dementia, caregivers, families and the public. Master's-level clinicians. Also Spanish.
  • 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline 988 24/7 Call or text 988, or chat at 988lifeline.org. For anyone in emotional distress or a mental-health crisis, including caregivers.
  • Alzheimer's Foundation of America (AFA) Helpline 866-232-8484 9:00 am - 9:00 pm ET, seven days a week Licensed social workers providing support, info and referrals. Also text message and web chat. Text: 646-586-5283

In a medical emergency, call 911. More numbers, and what each line does, on the help page.

These counts and lists are worked out from the library itself each time the page loads. A score rates how much weight a study can bear — its design, journal, evidence and recency — not whether its result is good news. How we score a study.

The 20 highest-scoring studies

  1. Assessment of Reported Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Atypical Antipsychotics in the Treatment of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: A Network Meta-analysis JAMA network open · 2019-03-01 · · Peer-reviewed
  2. Processed electroencephalogram and evoked potential techniques for amelioration of postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction following non-cardiac and non-neurosurgical procedures in adults The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018-05-15 · · Peer-reviewed
  3. Risk factors for mortality in elderly patients with hip fractures: a meta-analysis of 18 studies Aging clinical and experimental research · 2017-06-28 · · Peer-reviewed
  4. Risk factors for incident delirium among older people in acute hospital medical units: a systematic review and meta-analysis Age and ageing · 2014-03-06 · · Peer-reviewed
  5. Pain and the risk for falls in community-dwelling older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation · 2013-09-10 · · Peer-reviewed
  6. Cognitive outcomes following coronary artery bypass grafting: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 91,829 patients International journal of cardiology · 2019-04-24 · · Peer-reviewed
  7. Non-pharmacological interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non-ICU patients The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021-07-19 · · Peer-reviewed
  8. Preventing delirium: should non-pharmacological, multicomponent interventions be used? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature Age and ageing · 2014-11-25 · · Peer-reviewed
  9. Mental and neurological disorders and risk of COVID-19 susceptibility, illness severity and mortality: A systematic review, meta-analysis and call for action EClinicalMedicine · 2021-09-08 · · Peer-reviewed
  10. Care in specialist medical and mental health unit compared with standard care for older people with cognitive impairment admitted to general hospital: randomised controlled trial (NIHR TEAM trial) BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2013-07-02 · · Peer-reviewed
  11. Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome and Falls Risk: A Multi-Center Study Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2016-06-01 · · Peer-reviewed
  12. Prevalence of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia and Risk of Pneumonia, Malnutrition, and Mortality in Adults Aged 60 Years and Older: A Meta-Analysis Gerontology · 2021-12-13 · · Peer-reviewed
  13. Rivastigmine for gait stability in patients with Parkinson's disease (ReSPonD): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial The Lancet. Neurology · 2016-01-13 · · Peer-reviewed
  14. Persistent delirium in older hospital patients: a systematic review of frequency and prognosis Age and ageing · 2008-11-18 · · Peer-reviewed
  15. The risk factors for postoperative delirium in adult patients after hip fracture surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis International journal of geriatric psychiatry · 2020-10-29 · · Peer-reviewed
  16. Risk factors for falls among community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis Frontiers in medicine · 2023-01-06 · · Peer-reviewed
  17. Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Impact of Delirium on Hospitalized Older Adults With Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · 2021-10-12 · · Peer-reviewed
  18. Melatonin decreases delirium in elderly patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial International journal of geriatric psychiatry · 2010-09-15 · · Peer-reviewed
  19. Effects of Vivifrail multicomponent intervention on functional capacity: a multicentre, randomized controlled trial Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2022-02-11 · · Peer-reviewed
  20. Aerobic exercise for Alzheimer's disease: A randomized controlled pilot trial PloS one · 2017-02-10 · · Peer-reviewed

See all 630 studies in Clinical safety, with filters →

Newest additions on this subject

All 630 studies in Clinical safety, newest first →

What the library holds on this subject

By review status

StatusStudies
Peer-reviewed616
Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed14

By usefulness score

Score bandStudies
70+49
50–69171
30–49389
Under 3021

By strength of evidence

Rated in our summaryStudies
low409
moderate112
high107
not rated2

Most frequent journals

JournalStudies
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society36
Age and Ageing14
Neurology13
Journal of the American Medical Directors Association11
Age and ageing10
Brain : a journal of neurology10
Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry9
The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences9
Clinical interventions in aging8
International journal of geriatric psychiatry8

Studies by year published

Clinical safety studies in the library by year published
YearStudiesBar
202645
2025121
20233
20225
202121
202015
201915
201814
201722
201632
201524
201415
201322
201226
201125
201017
200920
200820
200717
200620
20059
200413
20038
200210
20016
200013
19999
19984
199713
19968
19956
19942
19935
19922
19912
19902
19892
19885
19874
19861
19853
19841
19831
19822

Counts the 630 studies with a usable publication date. The library is a large sample of published work, not a complete index, so these counts describe the library, not the whole field.

Other subjects in the library

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