Get help now — free helplines

You can call any of these for free. You do not need a diagnosis, an appointment, or a crisis to call — questions and plain exhaustion are reasons enough.

  • Alzheimer's Association 24/7 Helpline 800-272-3900 24 hours a day, 365 days a year Free, confidential support and information for people with dementia, caregivers, families and the public. Master's-level clinicians. Also Spanish.
  • 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline 988 24/7 Call or text 988, or chat at 988lifeline.org. For anyone in emotional distress or a mental-health crisis, including caregivers.
  • Alzheimer's Foundation of America (AFA) Helpline 866-232-8484 9:00 am - 9:00 pm ET, seven days a week Licensed social workers providing support, info and referrals. Also text message and web chat. Text: 646-586-5283

In a medical emergency, call 911. More numbers, and what each line does, on the help page.

These counts and lists are worked out from the library itself each time the page loads. A score rates how much weight a study can bear — its design, journal, evidence and recency — not whether its result is good news. How we score a study. For a plain-English guide to this subject, see Treatments.

The 20 highest-scoring studies

  1. Medications for adults with type 2 diabetes: a living systematic review and network meta-analysis BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025-08-14 · · Peer-reviewed
  2. Lithium Exposure and Risk of Major Neurocognitive Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Journal of clinical psychopharmacology · 2024-05-15 · · Peer-reviewed
  3. TANGO: a placebo-controlled randomized phase 2 study of efficacy and safety of the anti-tau monoclonal antibody gosuranemab in early Alzheimer's disease Nature aging · 2023-11-27 · · Peer-reviewed
  4. The pharmacodynamics-based prophylactic benefits of GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors on neurodegenerative diseases: evidence from a network meta-analysis BMC medicine · 2025-04-07 · · Peer-reviewed
  5. CSF proteomics of semorinemab Alzheimer's disease trials identifies cell-type specific signatures Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026-01-08 · · Peer-reviewed
  6. Effect of Linagliptin on Cognitive Performance in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiorenal Comorbidities: The CARMELINA Randomized Trial Diabetes care · 2019-08-09 · · Peer-reviewed
  7. Clinical Evidence for GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports · 2024-05-07 · · Peer-reviewed
  8. Effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in early Alzheimer's disease: A randomized controlled trial Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025-06-01 · · Peer-reviewed
  9. Metformin-induced changes in the gut microbiome and plasma metabolome are associated with cognition in men Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2024-06-12 · · Peer-reviewed
  10. Low Dose Lithium Treatment of Behavioral Complications in Alzheimer's Disease: Lit-AD Randomized Clinical Trial The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2021-05-12 · · Peer-reviewed
  11. Efficacy and safety of tau-aggregation inhibitor therapy in patients with mild or moderate Alzheimer's disease: a randomised, controlled, double-blind, parallel-arm, phase 3 trial Lancet (London, England) · 2016-11-16 · · Peer-reviewed
  12. Newer glucose-lowering drugs and risk of dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2023-02-23 · · Peer-reviewed
  13. Endophenotype-based in silico network medicine discovery combined with insurance record data mining identifies sildenafil as a candidate drug for Alzheimer's disease Nature aging · 2021-12-06 · · Peer-reviewed
  14. Effect of Glucagon-Like-Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1 RA) on Neuropsychiatric Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Clinical therapeutics · 2026-03-19 · · Peer-reviewed
  15. Long-acting exenatide does not prevent cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment: a proof-of-concept clinical trial Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2024-04-02 · · Peer-reviewed
  16. Inflammatory proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease reduced by a GLP1 receptor agonist: a post hoc analysis of the EXSCEL randomized placebo controlled trial Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024-10-02 · · Peer-reviewed
  17. Impact of antidiabetic agents on dementia risk: A Bayesian network meta-analysis Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2020-05-22 · · Peer-reviewed
  18. Diabetes, antidiabetic medications and risk of dementia: A systematic umbrella review and meta-analysis Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2023-10-23 · · Peer-reviewed
  19. Antihypertensive drugs decrease risk of Alzheimer disease: Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study Neurology · 2013-08-02 · · Peer-reviewed
  20. 12-month neurological and psychiatric outcomes of semaglutide use for type 2 diabetes: a propensity-score matched cohort study EClinicalMedicine · 2024-07-10 · · Peer-reviewed

See all 873 studies in Drug development, with filters →

Newest additions on this subject

All 873 studies in Drug development, newest first →

What the library holds on this subject

By review status

StatusStudies
Peer-reviewed823
Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed47
Retracted — do not rely on it3

By usefulness score

Score bandStudies
70+51
50–6980
30–49684
Under 3058

By strength of evidence

Rated in our summaryStudies
low742
high83
moderate47
not rated1

Most frequent journals

JournalStudies
Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD21
International journal of molecular sciences15
Neurology14
Research Square14
bioRxiv14
Acta neuropathologica13
Alzheimer's research & therapy13
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience13
Neuropharmacology12
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America12

Studies by year published

Drug development studies in the library by year published
YearStudiesBar
202658
202560
202477
202349
202275
202157
202047
201949
201839
201736
201622
201535
201426
201327
201224
201118
201014
200922
200813
200710
20068
20058
200414
20039
20029
20016
20008
19998
19986
19977
19966
19956
19942
19933
19916
19903
19891
19882
19872
19641

Counts the 873 studies with a usable publication date. The library is a large sample of published work, not a complete index, so these counts describe the library, not the whole field.

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