Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.
Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.
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A total of 30 articles were included. These detail the multifaceted responsibilities of clinical pharmacists in primary care for older people.
Why it matters
This scoping review describes the roles and challenges of clinical pharmacists in UK primary care for older people, including people with dementia, and notes a lack of research on underserved groups. It addresses service delivery and does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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In the CN group, cerebral microbleed (CMB) progression was associated with the decline in language function (p < 0.05), and deep white matter hyperintensity (WMH) progression was associated with a decline in memory function (p < 0.05).
Why it matters
This longitudinal study found that progression of individual small vessel disease markers, such as cerebral microbleeds and white matter hyperintensities, was linked to declines in specific cognitive functions in both cognitively normal and mild cognitive impairment groups. It suggests that tracking individual markers may be more useful than a global score for predicting cognitive decline, but it does not test any treatment or prevention.
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45/100
Higher scores in cognitive screening [odds ratio (OR): 1.23], facial emotion processing (OR: 1.69), episodic memory (OR: 1.09), animal fluency (OR: 1.17), working memory (OR: 1.18), letter fluency (OR: 1.17) and depressive symptoms (OR: 7.41) were significantly associated with PPD (all Ps ≤ 0.010).
Why it matters
This study found that certain neuropsychological measurements, such as letter fluency, cognitive screening and attention, can help tell sporadic behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia apart from late-onset primary psychiatric disorders. These are diagnostic aids only and do not point to a treatment, cure or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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The study has enrolled over 1,600 normal control participants since study inception. 150 original participants continue their participation.
Why it matters
This report describes a longitudinal cognitive aging study that has enrolled over 1,600 normal control participants since it began. It provides no findings on treating, curing, or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Previous studies indicate that increased healthcare access through Medicaid expansion and alleviation of socioeconomic stressors via higher minimum wages improved health outcomes.
Why it matters
Counties in the most vulnerable Social Vulnerability Index quartile had the most Alzheimer's disease dementia hotspots, and states that adopted Medicaid expansion had a significantly lower proportion of hotspots than non-adopting states. These are geographic associations between policy and prevalence, so the study cannot show that Medicaid expansion or minimum wage changes prevent dementia.
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Considering the significant impact of dementia, the Italian Ministry of Health entrusted the Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità) with the development of a guideline within the Italian National Guideline System (Sistema Nazionale Linee Guida, SNLG) on the diagnosis and treatment of dementia and MCI.
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Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common and serious postoperative complication in elderly patients, affecting cognitive function and quality of life.
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At the end of 2022, 3.7% (92,293/2,483,798) of people aged ≥62 years in Sweden had a dementia diagnosis from specialist care or drug prescriptions and varied from 0.6% in ages 62-69 to 14.8% in ages ≥90.
Why it matters
In Sweden, 3.7% of people aged 62 and over had a dementia diagnosis at the end of 2022, with some geographic variation. The authors suggest dementia is underdiagnosed in the general older population, particularly among people who live alone.
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Several hallmarks of metabolic syndrome, such as dysregulation in the glucose and lipid metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, low-to-medium systemic inflammation, and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, represent a pathological bridge between metabolic syndrome and diabesity, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disorders.
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This study examines the difference in functional outcomes among Traditional Medicare (TM) and Medicare Advantage (MA) beneficiaries with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) during a home health admission, which is unknown.
Why it matters
In this cohort of 81,735 Medicare beneficiaries with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias receiving home health, Medicare Advantage enrollees were 26% less likely to report improvement or maintenance of their daily activity score than traditional Medicare enrollees. There was no difference in the number of home health visits between the two groups.
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One important challenge for global development is aging.
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The results of the study and the submission of a manuscript for peer review are expected in June 2024.
Why it matters
This is a protocol for a scoping review on methods to monitor and evaluate dementia-friendly neighborhoods using a walkshed approach. It does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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Approximately half of Medicare beneficiaries are enrolled in Medicare Advantage (MA), a private plan alternative to traditional Medicare (TM).
Why it matters
This study found that diagnosed dementia prevalence and incidence were lower in Medicare Advantage than in traditional Medicare across all racial and ethnic groups examined. The authors note that lower diagnosed rates in Medicare Advantage may worsen racial and ethnic disparities in diagnosed dementia.
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The cross-disciplinary expertise, required for GA, common in the days before medical specialization and enabled by the relative paucity of development in various fields compared with today, can be reborn with the advent of Electronic Health Records (EHR) systems that make the tools of medical geography accessible to a wide variety of health care researchers and clinical subspecialties.
Why it matters
This paper discusses using geographic data and electronic health records to study social and geographic factors in health disparities, mostly in cancer care. It provides no findings on treating, curing, or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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In South Korea, digital literacy education programs are expected to help its older population participate in online welfare services to increase their social support, self-esteem and well-being.
Why it matters
Digital literacy education for older adults in rural areas increased smartphone use, video recording capacity, happiness and cognitive function scores. Cognitive function increased significantly by 1.305 points in the experimental group compared to the control group, but this was an education program, not a treatment for Alzheimer's disease.
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Feasibility analyses were computed for participants who completed 24 weeks of Constant Therapy.
Why it matters
A home-based electronic cognitive therapy program was feasible for people with Alzheimer disease over 24 weeks, with good adherence, and participants improved on the program's own scores. The authors say this supports developing future randomized controlled trials to test whether it can sustain cognitive function.
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45/100
In 2020 Medicare reintroduced Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) Hierarchical Condition Categories (HCCs) to risk-adjust Medicare Advantage and accountable care organization (ACO) payments.
Why it matters
Since 2020, Medicare has paid Medicare Advantage plans and accountable care organizations more for patients coded with dementia, yet how accurate those codes were was not well understood. Using 2016-18 records from one large accountable care organization, this study found that 34 percent of people with a dementia billing code did not have dementia on clinician review, while 22.7 percent of people who did have dementia were not coded. The authors estimate that coding all the missed cases would raise Medicare spending benchmarks for dementia by 9 percent, and warn that payment incentives could make dementia coding harder to monitor.
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45/100
Surprisingly, compared to White female caregivers, all the other groups were 37% (95% CI 0.41-0.95) to 71% (95% CI 0.15-0.56) less likely to have emotional burden.
Why it matters
This study examined differences in caregiving burden across race and gender among caregivers of people with dementia. It found that Black male caregivers were more likely to experience financial burden and other groups were less likely to have emotional burden, which may help target support but does not treat or prevent the disease.
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We anticipate that transcranial alternating current stimulation will be a well-tolerated treatment, with no serious side effects and with considerable short- and long-term cognitive improvements.
Why it matters
This is a protocol for an ongoing trial testing brain stimulation combined with cognitive training in people with mild cognitive impairment or early to moderate dementia. Only screening and enrollment numbers are reported, so no effect on treating or preventing dementia has been shown.
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To estimate the risk of ischaemic stroke associated with antidopaminergic antiemetic (ADA) use.
Why it matters
This study found an increased risk of ischaemic stroke with recent use of antidopaminergic antiemetic medicines, and results were similar in people with a history of dementia. It is about stroke risk from these medicines, not about treating, curing, or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Older adults living in rural counties had lower cognitive functioning than urban adults.
Why it matters
Older adults in rural counties had lower cognitive functioning than urban adults, and this gap was 40% larger in rural counties that had lost population. The study identifies a pattern over time but does not test any treatment or prevention for cognitive decline.
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The Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) test is a commonly used neuropsychological assessment tool.
Why it matters
This review describes the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure test, which assesses visuo-constructional ability and visual memory in neuropsychiatric disorders including dementia. It concerns a cognitive assessment tool and does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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In dementia, neuropathological changes alter the perception and expression of pain.
Why it matters
This review concluded that chronic pain is still undertreated in people with dementia, partly because their pain is hard to recognize and assess. It stresses reliable assessment and regular monitoring of symptoms, but it does not test a dementia treatment or cure.
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Dysphagia is common but may be underreported.
Why it matters
This review notes that many frail older adults with progressive neurologic disease have unrecognized dysphagia, which raises their risk of aspiration pneumonia and malnourishment. It addresses evaluation and management of swallowing problems and does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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We combine the MAX data with Medicare claims to identify hospital admissions, our main outcome variable, and with state and county data on the percent of individuals receiving HCBS versus nursing home care.
Why it matters
This study found that shifting long-term care from nursing homes to home- and community-based services was linked to substantially higher hospitalization rates and may worsen racial disparities. It does not test any treatment, cure or prevention for Alzheimer's disease, but examines outcomes of long-term care policy.
From across this topic
10 of the 7,967 studies in this topic, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 10. The same 10 appear here every time.
- Classification and clinicoradiologic features of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and apraxia of speech
- Cost of disorders of the brain in Europe 2010
- The Effects of Age-Related Hearing Loss on the Brain and Cognitive Function
- Video Intervention and Goals-of-Care Documentation in Hospitalized Older Adults: The VIDEO-PCE Randomized Clinical Trial
- Dietary intake of fish and omega-3 fatty acids in relation to long-term dementia risk
- New horizons in falls prevention
- Disenrollment From an Acute/Long-Term Managed Care Program (PACE)
- Applied nutritional investigation spatial variation and determinants of stunting among children aged less than 5 y in Ethiopia: A spatial and multilevel analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2019
- Social participation and risk of developing dementia
- A videophone psychosocial intervention for dementia caregivers