Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.
Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.
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The RADAR tool proved to be efficient, reliable, sensitive and very well accepted by nursing staff.
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The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke-Canadian Stroke Network Vascular Cognitive Impairment Harmonization working group proposed a brief cognitive protocol for screening of vascular cognitive impairment.
Why it matters
This study tested a brief telephone-administered cognitive screen for vascular cognitive impairment. It is a screening tool study and provides no information on treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Age-related hearing impairment (ARHI, also known as presbycusis) is potentially a reversible risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer disease (AD).
Why it matters
This review describes age-related hearing impairment as a potentially reversible risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer's disease, possibly linked through social isolation, loneliness and cognitive reserve depletion. It suggests that assessing central auditory processing might help identify older people at increased risk, but no intervention is tested here.
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Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease is an important predictor for the progression to PDD.
Why it matters
In this 16-year follow-up of a Parkinson's disease cohort, 91% of those with Parkinson's disease mild cognitive impairment progressed to Parkinson's disease dementia, with an annual conversion rate of 11%. This concerns dementia in Parkinson's disease, not Alzheimer's disease, and reports no treatment or prevention.
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The current diagnosis process of dementia is resulting in a high percentage of cases with delayed detection.
Why it matters
Using sensors placed in the home to measure walking speed and general activity, a machine learning approach was able to detect mild cognitive impairment in older adults. This is a detection method only and does not treat, cure or prevent Alzheimer's disease.
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48/100
Changes in delta bandpower showed the highest and most consistent pattern of correlations with longitudinal changes in neuropsychological testing.
Why it matters
This longitudinal study of 71 people with Parkinson's disease found that changes in delta bandpower on EEG correlated with longitudinal changes in neuropsychological testing. It is about a potential physiological biomarker and does not test any treatment, cure or prevention.
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We found no strong associations with development of cognitive dysfunction for any of the dietary patterns investigated.
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The spectrum of mixed brain pathologies expands beyond accompanying vascular pathology in brains with Alzheimer's disease-related pathology.
Why it matters
This review of community-based autopsy studies reports that mixed brain pathologies are common in aging brains, with wide ranges in the frequency of Alzheimer's, Lewy body, vascular, TDP-43 and other findings. It describes how often pathologies coexist and does not test any treatment, cure or prevention.
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The incidence of obesity in middle age is increasing markedly, and in parallel the prevalence of metabolic disorders including cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes is also rising.
Why it matters
This review describes studies linking obesity and metabolic disorders to poorer cognitive performance and dementia, and discusses inflammation and vascular changes as possible mechanisms. It offers no tested treatment or prevention.
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Trouble falling or staying asleep, poor sleep quality, and short or long sleep duration are gaining attention as potential risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia, including Alzheimer's disease.
Why it matters
This review reports that poor sleep is a risk factor for cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease, and that experimental studies suggest sleep loss and sleep-disordered breathing affect amyloid-beta in the brain. The mechanisms behind these links are not yet clear, and no sleep treatment is shown here to prevent dementia.
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Altered consciousness has been regarded as a core feature of delirium; the fact that consciousness itself should be physiologically disrupted due to acute illness attests to its clinical urgency.
Why it matters
This paper argues that altered arousal is fundamental to delirium and that the DSM-5 criteria should be understood this way for the most inclusive and clinically safe interpretation. It concerns delirium diagnosis and does not address treating, curing, or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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The results also suggest that grammatical reasoning and episodic memory should be targeted in developing appropriate outcome measures to assess efficacy of future interventions, and in developing cognitive training programmes to prevent or delay cognitive decline.
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Diabetes is associated with cognitive dysfunction and an increased risk of dementia.
Why it matters
This review states that diabetes is associated with cognitive dysfunction and an increased risk of dementia, and that type 2 diabetes is associated with global brain atrophy and an increased burden of small-vessel disease. It discusses brain changes on MRI and states that a better understanding of mechanisms is necessary to establish interventions, but no treatment, cure, or prevention is tested.
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Symptoms of memory loss are caused by a range of cognitive abilities or a general cognitive decline, and not just memory.
Why it matters
This review states that treatments for dementia and mild cognitive impairment are still mostly symptomatic, so no cure or way to prevent these conditions is described. It notes that brain imaging and biomarkers are making progress in telling apart the different disorders that cause dementia.
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Among 2985 nondemented individuals, 601 were diagnosed with MCI, resulting in a prevalence of 20.1% for total MCI, 13.2% for amnestic MCI (aMCI), and 7.0% for non-amnestic MCI (naMCI).
Why it matters
In this cross-sectional analysis of 2,985 nondemented Chinese community residents aged 60 and older, 20.1% were diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment. The authors say prospective studies in China are needed to examine progression to dementia and related risk factors.
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All hypotheses that referred to the construct validity were supported.
Why it matters
This study examined the reliability and validity of a 10-item short version of the Burden Scale for Family Caregivers in 351 dyads. Caregiver burden was the second strongest predictor of institutionalization out of four significant predictors.
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This study provides pathological validation that the new criteria assist with separating PPA cases with AD pathology into the new lv-PPA syndrome and found that a number of diagnostic clinical features (disinhibition, food preferences and naming) did not assist in discriminating the different FTD syndromes.
Why it matters
This study assessed new clinical diagnostic criteria for frontotemporal dementia syndromes and their pathological implications. It found that some cases previously diagnosed as non-fluent variant PPA were reclassified as logopenic variant PPA, and that Alzheimer's disease was the dominant pathology in logopenic variant PPA, but it is about diagnosis, not treatment or cure.
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Cerebral microbleeds (microbleeds) are small, punctuate hypointense lesions seen in T2* Gradient-Recall Echo (GRE) and Susceptibility-Weighted (SWI) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) sequences, corresponding to areas of hemosiderin breakdown products from prior microscopic hemorrhages.
Why it matters
This review describes cerebral microbleeds as small lesions from prior microscopic hemorrhages, more prevalent in people with Alzheimer's disease dementia and in carriers of the APOE epsilon-4 allele, with prevalence increasing with age. It notes that microbleeds have been suggested to confer increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage, particularly with anticoagulation, and of complications of immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease, while prospective data on their natural history remain limited.
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In vivo quantification of β-amyloid deposition using positron emission tomography is emerging as an important procedure for the early diagnosis of the Alzheimer's disease and is likely to play an important role in upcoming clinical trials of disease modifying agents.
Why it matters
Developed an automated way to measure amyloid on PiB-PET scans using FreeSurfer brain segmentation, and compared it with manual tracing in 77 participants (67 cognitively normal and 10 with early Alzheimer's disease). The two approaches gave nearly identical estimates of amyloid burden, and most cortical regions accumulated amyloid in parallel.
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Exposure to maternal anxiety predicts offspring brain development.
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48/100
A definitive trial to test the critical window hypothesis is not feasible.
Why it matters
This review of clinical studies reports that observational data suggest hormone therapy generally reduces Alzheimer's disease risk, but it states that hormone therapy is currently not indicated for treating cognitive complaints or preventing dementia. A definitive trial to test the critical window hypothesis is still needed.
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In the absence of disease modifying therapies for dementia, the question rises what the benefits are of an early dementia diagnosis for patients and their caregivers.
Why it matters
This review states that in the absence of disease-modifying therapies for dementia, an early diagnosis offers caregivers the opportunity to advance adaptation to the caregiver role, but drawbacks may outweigh benefits if people are left with a diagnosis and little support. It notes convincing evidence that multicomponent caregiver interventions in mild to moderate dementia improve caregiver well-being and delay institutionalization, but that there is scarce knowledge on intervention effects in the predementia stage.
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Awareness of the terminal nature of dementia may improve patient comfort at the end of life.
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Dysphagia is a major health care problem in nursing homes.
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Substantial heterogeneity in the design of included studies limits the ability to prognosticate for individual patients.
Why it matters
This review reports median survival times from dementia onset of 3.3 to 11.7 years, with age consistently predicting mortality. It provides prognosis information and does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention.
From across this topic
10 of the 7,967 studies in this topic, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 10. The same 10 appear here every time.
- The N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide, and risk of dementia and cognitive decline: a 10-year follow-up study in the general population
- Predicting low premorbid cognitive ability with social determinants: A machine learning approach
- Herbal Medicine Ninjin'yoeito in the Treatment of Sarcopenia and Frailty
- Advance care planning for patients with ALS: feasibility of an interactive computer program
- Applications of artificial intelligence to aid early detection of dementia: A scoping review on current capabilities and future directions
- Does case conferencing for people with advanced dementia living in nursing homes improve care outcomes: evidence from an integrative review?
- Traumatic brain injury and risk of dementia in older veterans
- Ordinal SuStaIn: Subtype and Stage Inference for Clinical Scores, Visual Ratings, and Other Ordinal Data
- Neurological and psychiatric risk trajectories after SARS-CoV-2 infection: an analysis of 2-year retrospective cohort studies including 1 284 437 patients
- Air pollution and your brain: what do you need to know right now