Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.
Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.
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Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is a major heterogeneous brain disease caused by multiple factors, and it is the second most common type of dementia in the world.
Why it matters
This review of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia states there is no clear treatment strategy for VCID and that the association between cerebrovascular pathology and cognitive impairment is controversial. It reports no treatment, cure, or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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Adherence to the MIND diet was associated with better cognitive function at baseline and over 8 years of follow-up; however, MIND diet was not associated with 8-year cognitive trajectory.
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Both groups showed significant improvements in all cognitive function measurements (P<.001).
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Most recommendations on standards and norms for palliative care in Europe remain unchanged since 2009.
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Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is predominately caused by vascular risk factors and cerebrovascular disease.
Why it matters
This review states that vascular cognitive impairment accounts for at least 20-40% of all dementia diagnoses and that midlife hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, and smoking are each associated with a 20 to 40% increased risk of dementia. It suggests that controlling these risk factors, including with lifestyle modification, is the most promising strategy for treatment and prevention of vascular cognitive impairment.
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The diversity of cognitive deficits and neuropathological processes associated with dementias has encouraged divergence in pathophysiological explanations of disease.
Why it matters
This review proposes that cognitive deficits in dementias can be understood as aberrant predictive coding in hierarchical neural networks. It is a theoretical framework based on behavioural and neurophysiological studies, not a treatment or prevention finding.
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50/100
Cognitive decline is a broad syndrome ranging from non-pathological/age-associated cognitive decline to pathological dementia.
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Of 3123 decedents, 465 (14.9%) had a primary hospice diagnosis of dementia and 943 (30.2%) had comorbid dementia and died of another illness.
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Multidomain intervention studies conducted so far appear to have mixed results and substantial variability in target populations, format and intensity of interventions, choice of control conditions, and outcome measures.
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SiD represents a new resource for promoting safety among people with dementia, and high acceptability was achieved in a pilot trial.
Why it matters
This pilot trial of a web-based decision aid about firearm access found no significant differences from control in decision-making and self-efficacy. It concerns caregiver decision support, not treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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50/100
Considerable variations of breadth and intensity in county-level HCBS were observed.
Why it matters
This study found that greater availability of home- and community-based services was associated with a lower likelihood of nursing home admission for people with dementia. It suggests that these services may help people with dementia stay in the community, but it does not address curing or preventing the disease.
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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a powerful tool to probe in vivo brain circuits, as it allows to assess several cortical properties such asexcitability, plasticity and connectivity in humans.
Why it matters
This review reports that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and multisite rTMS combined with cognitive training, have shown possible and probable effectiveness for improving cognition, apathy, memory and language in dementia. A single TMS measure has low specificity, but a panel of measures may support diagnosis and predict progression.
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias are now the seventh leading cause of death in the world and are projected to affect 115.4 million people by 2050.
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50/100
The actual role of SARS-CoV-2 in brain damage remains controversial due to lack of matched controls.
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The dCDT is able to operationally define graphomotor output that cannot be measured using traditional paper and pencil test administration in older health controls and participants with dementia.
Why it matters
Features from the digital Clock Drawing Test classified Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia patients versus healthy controls with an area under the curve of 91.52%, and distinguished Alzheimer's disease from vascular dementia with 76.94%. This supports using the test to help classify dementia subtypes, but it does not test any treatment, cure or prevention.
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BIOFACE is a two-year study of clinical, cognition, and biomarkers that will shed light on the physiopathology and the potential utility of plasma and NPEs as non-invasive early diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in people younger than 65 years.
Why it matters
This paper describes the design of BIOFACE, a two-year study that recruited ninety-seven people with early-onset mild cognitive impairment, using brain MRI, blood, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid and other tests to study risk factors and early biomarkers. At the start, 59.8% were women, mean age at symptom onset was 57 years, and 29% carried APOE ɛ4. The aim is to see whether blood-based markers, including neuronal-derived plasma exosomes, could work as non-invasive early tests in people younger than 65; outcome results are not in this record.
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EGb 761 ® is currently recommended in multiple guidelines for the symptomatic treatment of MCI.
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Percentages of patients with imaging tests, DLB symptoms, diagnoses and treatments for DLB increased as patients’ first DLB diagnosis neared and occurred at lower percentages 7‐12 months after initial diagnosis.
Why it matters
This claims analysis described 974 patients with dementia with Lewy bodies, their characteristics, symptoms, medication use and imaging tests in the periods before and after diagnosis. It documents the patient journey and care patterns for this condition rather than testing any treatment, cure or prevention.
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Exposure to high neighborhood‐level socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with negative health outcomes.
Why it matters
In cognitively unimpaired adults, living in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods was linked to faster thinning of the cortex over time and declining cognitive test performance, especially in executive function. This is longitudinal evidence of an association, not proof that neighborhood disadvantage causes the changes.
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The mean (SD) age of the 4,631 participants was 67.6 (4.89) years, and 2579 (55.7%) were women.
Why it matters
This study found that several factors, including physical activity, body mass index, grip strength, and hypertension, were associated with mild cognitive impairment in older adults in China. These are associations only and do not prove that modifying these factors can prevent or treat Alzheimer's disease.
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50/100
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, demyelinating disease of the CNS.
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Loneliness is associated with increased risk of dementia.
Why it matters
Among 12,030 Health and Retirement Study participants followed for 10 years, people who reported loneliness had a 40% higher risk of dementia. Here dementia meant a score of 6 or less on a telephone cognitive test. The link held after accounting for social isolation and clinical, behavioral and genetic risk factors, and was similar across gender, race, ethnicity, education and genetic risk. The authors call loneliness a modifiable factor, but this study shows an association only and tested no intervention.
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Broad clinical syndromes associated with COVID-19 were classified as a cerebrovascular event (defined as an acute ischaemic, haemorrhagic, or thrombotic vascular event involving the brain parenchyma or subarachnoid space), altered mental status (defined as an acute alteration in personality, behaviour, cognition, or consciousness), peripheral neurology (defined as involving nerve roots, peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junction, or muscle), or other (with free text boxes for those not meeting these syndromic presentations).
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This untargeted metabolomics study identified potential biomarkers for cognitive function in a cohort of Puerto Rican older adults.
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Our results suggest that efforts to reduce racial disparities in underdiagnosis are warranted.
Why it matters
Linking Medicare claims from 2000 to 2010 to the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study (ages 70 and over), this analysis found that non-Hispanic Black older adults had roughly double the risk of having dementia go undiagnosed compared with non-Hispanic white older adults, while the risk of being diagnosed without meeting the study's dementia criteria rose over time in both groups. An apparent narrowing of the racial gap was not robust to sensitivity analyses or covariate adjustment, and the authors conclude that efforts to reduce racial disparities in underdiagnosis are warranted. It concerns diagnostic disparities, not treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
From across this topic
10 of the 7,967 studies in this topic, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 10. The same 10 appear here every time.
- Brain PET Imaging: Frontotemporal Dementia
- Non-pharmacological interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non-ICU patients
- Dementia prevalence in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study
- The epidemiology of common late-life mental disorders in the community: themes for the new century
- Cerebral microbleeds: a guide to detection and interpretation
- Late-onset seizures as a predictor of subsequent stroke
- Neurocognitive impairment is an independent risk factor for death in HIV infection. San Diego HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center Group
- Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging analysis of early mild cognitive impairment
- The brainstem pathologies of Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies
- Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project