Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.
Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.
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A total of 158 participants were included, with an average age of 75.2 years (SD 7.65). 60.8% (n=96) of patients had AD, and 39.2% (n=62) had LBD.
Why it matters
In this 5-year study of 158 people newly diagnosed with dementia, higher CRP levels were linked to greater functional decline. No significant links were found for BMI, weight, MMSE, or mortality.
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This diverse sample of Indigenous (1.65%), Black (11.43%), Hispanic (9.85%), and White (77.07%) older adults had a mean age of 61 (SD = 9.66) and was 52% female.
Why it matters
This longitudinal study found that college education and formal and informal volunteering were associated with better initial cognitive function and slower cognitive decline across ethnic groups, though volunteering effects may partly reflect socioeconomic status. The findings suggest modifiable factors linked to cognitive health trajectories, but no treatment, cure, or prevention was tested.
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54/100
We identify three distinct profiles: active healthy sleepers (AHS; 64.0%), fragmented poor sleepers (FPS; 14.1%), and long and frequent nappers (LFN; 21.9%).
Why it matters
People with a fragmented poor sleep profile had higher risks of dementia and cardiovascular events, while long and frequent nappers did not show a significant dementia association. This identifies possible targets for sleep interventions but tests no treatment, cure, or prevention.
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Out of 3867 papers identified, 106 were included.
Why it matters
This systematic review of 106 papers summarized medication-related information for delirium in patients with and without dementia, finding that medication detail often lacks specificity about mechanisms, individual risk, dosage, symptoms, and avoidable drug combinations. It supports a multicomponent approach to delirium care and calls for categorizing delirium into distinct etiological subgroups, but it does not report a treatment or cure for Alzheimer's disease.
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Among the 1 268 599 participants (mean age, 73.9 [SD, 6.1] years; n = 25 335 [2%] female), dementia incidence rates per 1000 person-years were lowest in the Mid-Atlantic (11.2; 95% CI, 11.1-11.4) and highest in the Southeast (14.0; 95% CI, 13.8-14.2).
Why it matters
Among U.S. veterans, dementia incidence varied significantly by region, with the highest rates in the Southeast and lowest in the Mid-Atlantic, even after adjusting for demographic and health factors. This regional variation highlights the need for targeted healthcare planning and public health interventions.
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Social isolation and loneliness were associated with a greater risk for incident dementia among T2DM individuals, with differential explanatory factors.
Why it matters
In 24,986 people with type 2 diabetes from the UK Biobank, social isolation and loneliness were associated with higher dementia risk after adjusting for demographic factors, but these associations weakened when health behaviors, psychological factors, or diabetes-related characteristics were considered. The study suggests these social factors may be markers rather than direct causes, and it did not test whether reducing isolation or loneliness prevents or cures Alzheimer's disease.
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The relationship between sleep quality, neurofilament light chain (NFL), and cognitive impairment, including the potential effect of plasma NFL in this association, remains unclear.
Why it matters
In older adults without dementia, poorer sleep quality was associated with higher plasma neurofilament light levels, poorer cognition, and faster cognitive decline. This is an observational study of associations, so it cannot show whether improving sleep would prevent or treat Alzheimer's disease.
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After adjusting for potentially confounding variables such as age, gender, and comorbidities, we found that individuals with mild dementia (HR 1.74 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12 to 2.70]; p = 0.01) and moderate to severe dementia (HR 3.05 [95% CI 1.80 to 5.17]; p < 0.001) both demonstrated elevated hazards of death compared with patients without dementia.
Why it matters
This large database study found that patients with moderate to severe dementia who undergo elective total knee arthroplasty face elevated risks of death, delirium, and intensive interventions. The authors suggest that TKA in patients with moderate to severe dementia might only be indicated in exceptional humanitarian circumstances.
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Of 162 034 eligible Medicare beneficiaries (mean [SD] age, 85.0 [7.9] years; 94 304 female [58.2%]), 51 191 (31.6%) were attributed to MSSP ACO.
Why it matters
This study looked at Medicare beneficiaries with dementia in accountable care organizations, including 51,191 attributed to the MSSP ACO out of 162,034 eligible beneficiaries. The available summary does not report findings on end-of-life care or health care spending outcomes.
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Of 65 participants (mean age = 79.4 years; women = 54%), 34% had dementia and 32% had CIND.
Why it matters
In this cross-sectional study of hospitalised older adults, the informant-based Clinical Dementia Rating showed excellent accuracy for detecting dementia and cognitive impairment, reducing unrecognised cognitive impairment from 70% to 2%. It supports early diagnosis in acute care and does not test any treatment or cure.
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Over a median follow-up of 13.5 years, 1453 dementia cases were identified.
Why it matters
This cohort study found that higher adherence to Mediterranean, MIND, and high-quality diets was associated with reduced dementia risk, while pro-inflammatory diets were linked to increased risk. These associations were more pronounced in older adults, women, non-obese individuals, and ApoEε4 non-carriers.
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An important goal of advance care planning (ACP) is ensuring that patients receive care concordant with their preferences.
Why it matters
This is a protocol for a randomised controlled trial testing facilitated advance care planning in community-dwelling older adults at high risk of death, including those with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias. It has not yet reported results, so it cannot yet show whether this approach improves care that matches patients' preferences.
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Public health guidelines recommend exercise as a key lifestyle intervention for promoting and maintaining healthy sleep function and reducing disease risk.
Why it matters
This study is about evening exercise and sleep, not Alzheimer's disease, and reports no findings on dementia. It found that strenuous exercise ending within four hours of bedtime was linked to delayed sleep onset, shorter sleep duration, and lower sleep quality, while exercise ending at least four hours before sleep was not.
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- Cognition was assessed with the Ruff Figural Fluency Test (RFFT), measuring non-verbal fluency and executive functioning.
Why it matters
In this cohort, chronotype was linked to greater decline in non-verbal fluency and executive functioning only among higher educated participants, with sleep quality and current smoking mediating part of that link. No significant associations were seen in the low- or middle-education groups, so this does not establish that changing sleep or smoking prevents cognitive decline.
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This study found a reciprocal association between gait speed and global or domain-specific cognition.
Why it matters
In community-dwelling older adults without dementia, slower gait speed predicted later lower global cognition, and lower global cognition predicted later slower gait speed. This shows a bidirectional association over time but does not test any treatment, cure or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is defined as the stage between normal cognitive changes that may occur with age and more serious symptoms that indicate dementia.
Why it matters
This scoping review of randomized controlled trials found that combining exercise modalities improved global cognitive functioning compared with control groups in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. It supports exercise as a way to slow cognitive decline, though the authors note few such studies exist in the United States.
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In the Research Article "Magnitude and Time-Course of Dementia Risk in Stroke Survivors: A Population-Wide Matched Cohort Study" by Joundi et al., 1 the keys for Figure 3, A-D should indicate red for "Stroke," "Ischemic Stroke," "ICH," and "Stroke," respectively.
Why it matters
This is a correction notice about figure labels in a previously published study on dementia risk in stroke survivors. It contains no new findings about treating, curing, or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Of 8976 decedents (mean [SD] age, 81.3 [8.6] years; 4927 women [55.1%] women) in the cohort, 2197 (22.5%) were included in the low wealth category, 4534 (50.5%) in the medium wealth category, and 2245 (27.1%) in the high wealth category.
Why it matters
This cohort study found that lower wealth was associated with a higher symptom burden at the end of life, partly mediated by higher rates of multimorbidity, functional impairment, and dementia. It calls for policies and programs to support patients with lower financial resources and reduce wealth disparities in end-of-life experiences.
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Living with another adult and higher MMSE scores were significantly associated with later access to home help services (p < 0.001) and care facilities (p < 0.001).
Why it matters
In this Swedish registry cohort of 2,592 people with young-onset dementia, living with another adult and higher MMSE scores were linked to later access to home help and care facilities, and higher MMSE scores, older age, living with another adult, and diagnosis at primary care centres were linked to later access to day-care services. No significant associations were found for time to access counselling services, so this study is about service timing, not about treating or preventing dementia.
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54/100
We increased the findability, accessibility, interoperability and reusability (FAIR) status of the cohorts through harmonization of data across cohorts, implementation of medical imaging repositories for scan management, implementation of the Personal Health Train infrastructure and provision of meta-data in existing cohort catalogues.
Why it matters
This consortium harmonized data across Dutch dementia cohorts and carried out federated analyses, including central analysis of plasma samples for biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease, endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. It shows that this collaborative infrastructure is feasible and promising for future research, but reports no treatment or prevention outcome.
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for interaction <0.05). We identified a worse cognitive function and an increased mortality risk in dementia patients with RA compared with non-RA.
Why it matters
In this cohort study, people who had both dementia and rheumatoid arthritis showed worse cognitive function and a higher risk of death than those with dementia but no rheumatoid arthritis. The authors note they lacked information on how long rheumatoid arthritis had been present before dementia began and on disease activity, and say further studies are needed to confirm these results.
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ICU delirium is also associated with increased mortality and dementia in the longer term.
Why it matters
This is a protocol for a planned meta-review of interventions to prevent and manage delirium in intensive care, where delirium is linked to higher death rates and dementia later on. No results are reported yet, so it offers no treatment or prevention for Alzheimer's disease at this stage.
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We included 6879 persons (mean 56.1 years, standard deviation 6.2).
Why it matters
This long-term cohort study found that greater hearing impairment was linked to lower cognitive scores on the MoCA over 20+ years, with the strongest associations in people under 85. It does not test any treatment or prevention, so it cannot show whether addressing hearing loss would change dementia risk.
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Compared with the control arm (n = 36), the TEAM-V Program (n = 39) was associated with significantly improved general cognition (MoCA, P = 0.02) at 2 years.
Why it matters
In this two-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial, the TEAM-V cognitive training program was associated with significantly improved general cognition, memory and attention compared with controls. No significant effects were found for anxiety, depression or activities of daily living.
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Since older adults spend significant time in their neighborhood environment, environmental factors such as neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage, high racial segregation, low healthy food availability, low access to recreation, and minimal social engagement may have adverse effects on cognitive function and increase susceptibility to dementia.
Why it matters
In 542 older African American adults without preliminary evidence of dementia, having more fast food outlets, alcohol-selling food stores or bars near home was nominally linked to slightly better scores on two cognitive tests. Neighbourhood features were not linked to white matter changes on brain scans, and blood DNA methylation did not explain the links. The authors say replication is necessary, and the study looked at no dementia outcome, so it says nothing about preventing or treating Alzheimer's.
From across this topic
10 of the 7,967 studies in this topic, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 10. The same 10 appear here every time.
- A Precision Aging Approach to Cognitive Aging: Clustering Multiple Domains of Risk
- APOE-ε4 carriership and dementia risk over 10 years among Asian American and White older adults
- Effects of Normative Adjustments to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment
- Progression of brain atrophy and cognitive decline in diabetes mellitus: a 3-year follow-up
- Lessons from the Implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction from Latin America and the Caribbean
- Hospice care for persons with dementia: The growth of access in US nursing homes
- Environmental predictors of objectively measured out-of-home time among older adults with cognitive decline
- Going back home digitally: gift for patients with end-stage heart failure
- Idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder and neurodegeneration - an update
- Post-diagnostic support in Australia: Perspectives of people recently diagnosed with dementia and their carers