Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.
Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.
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60/100
Of 689 participants, CI was associated with delirium (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.64, 95% CI: 1.31, 9.49, P-value = 0.009), 90-day complications (aOR: 2.26, 95% CI: 1.14, 4.28, P-value = 0.015), and 90-day composite adverse outcomes (aOR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.03, 3.81, P-value = 0.033).
Why it matters
In 689 older surgical patients, a positive AD8 dementia screen was associated with higher odds of delirium and complications after surgery, with the repetition item showing the strongest links. This supports using the AD8 before surgery to flag at-risk patients, but it does not test any treatment or cure.
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This randomized clinical trial found that ADRD screening in PC was not associated with improvement in family member health-related quality of life, caregiver preparedness, or caregiving self-efficacy.
Why it matters
This trial found that dementia screening in primary care did not improve family members' health-related quality of life, caregiver preparedness, or caregiving self-efficacy. Screening also did not increase family member depression or anxiety.
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Longer follow-up and testing across diverse LEP communities are needed to assess diagnosis, treatment initiation, and caregiver trajectories.
Why it matters
In this randomized trial with Korean American families, a language-concordant community health worker program increased linkage to medical services for older adults with undiagnosed probable dementia, compared with no linkage in the control group. The authors note that longer follow-up and testing in other limited-English-proficiency communities are needed to see whether this leads to diagnosis and treatment.
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60/100
A total of 42 342 participants from the pooled cohorts were included (mean [SD] age, 61.3 [9.8] years; 55.0% female).
Why it matters
In this large cohort, more severe ischemic stroke was linked to progressively higher dementia risk and steeper cognitive decline across all domains in a dose-response pattern. It shows stroke severity matters for later cognitive outcomes but does not test any treatment or prevention.
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60/100
First, based on pooled results of RCTs, the melatonin agonists melatonin and ramelteon were not found to reduce delirium incidence (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.72–1.22, k = 16 studies; RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.39–1.03, k = 8, respectively).
Why it matters
Pooled results from randomized trials found that melatonin and ramelteon did not reduce delirium incidence, while suvorexant did reduce it versus placebo. Because delirium is a modifiable risk factor for dementia, these findings may inform prevention efforts, but the review notes that observational studies are susceptible to bias.
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60/100
This study included 10 333 FHS
Why it matters
This Framingham Heart Study cohort examined traumatic brain injury and its link to long-term all-cause and dementia-related mortality. The available text does not report the study's results, so no conclusion about treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer's disease can be drawn from it.
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Our sample included 11,105 patients (median age 77, 51% female), with 2299 in the hallway group and 8806 in the non-hallway group.
Why it matters
In this retrospective cohort, prolonged emergency department hallway care was linked to delirium and severe agitation in older adults living with dementia, though not in the general older group. It suggests hospitals might prioritise people with dementia for rooms, but prospective research is needed and this is not a treatment or cure.
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The effects on depression and other outcomes were consistent with those observed for in-person programs, suggesting the viability of well-designed automated intervention.
Why it matters
In this randomized waitlist-controlled trial, a fully automated self-guided program improved depression, burden, and positive gains for dementia caregivers at one month, though not anxiety. The intervention is designed to support caregivers' well-being and does not treat or prevent dementia itself.
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This paper reports first-year, real-world results from one of the 96 'Established Track' organizations in the CMS GUIDE dementia care model, which launched nationally on July 1, 2024.
Why it matters
This paper reports first-year real-world results from one of the 96 Established Track organizations in the CMS GUIDE dementia care model, including enrollment, respite use, and disenrollment. It is an early, ground-level look at how the new Medicare dementia-care payment model is playing out in practice, not a test of whether the model improves outcomes.
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Of the 2,183 participants (mean ± SD age 79 ± 4.5 years, 58% female, 24% Black), 176 (8%) developed dementia.
Why it matters
This cohort study found that weaker and more fragmented rest-activity rhythms and later peak activity time were associated with higher dementia risk in older Black and White adults. It did not test whether changing circadian rhythms can reduce dementia risk.
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A distinct set of midlife depressive symptoms was associated with an increased risk of dementia, suggesting that these symptoms might be early markers of underlying neurodegenerative processes.
Why it matters
This study found that a distinct set of midlife depressive symptoms was linked to a higher risk of dementia over 23 years. The authors suggest these symptoms might be early markers of underlying neurodegenerative processes, which could help identify people for earlier intervention.
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The majority of participants were female and were taking concomitant psychotropic medications (antidepressants and antipsychotics) at baseline.
Why it matters
In this phase 2 trial, dronabinol was associated with a significant decline in agitation scores on one measure, but the decline on another measure was not significant. Dronabinol was not associated with greater intoxication or other adverse events except somnolence.
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A total of 346 of 374 (92.5%) intervention arm participants received some intervention (reach), and 305 of 374 (81.6%) attended ≥5 main sessions (predefined as adhering: dose).
Why it matters
This process evaluation of the APPLE-Tree dementia prevention study describes how many participants took part and what they thought of the lifestyle behaviour change programme, finding it supported behaviour change and was flexible and inclusive. It reports on delivery and participant experience, not on whether the programme reduced dementia risk.
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Clinical characteristics and demographics were similar between groups.
Why it matters
This randomized controlled trial found that scripted family voice recordings (FAVoR) gave critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation more delirium-free days than usual care. The response was dose dependent, and the intervention is described as nonpharmacological and low-resource-using.
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60/100
The highest-risk group (Q4) shows a 2.8-fold increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease, a 6.4-fold risk of multiple sclerosis, and a 2.4-fold higher mortality risk.
Why it matters
This cohort study found that a larger brain age gap was linked to higher risks of cognitive decline, dementia, multiple sclerosis and reduced survival, and that the highest-risk group had a 2.8-fold increased risk of Alzheimer's disease. It also reports that lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, moderate alcohol use and regular exercise significantly slowed brain age gap progression, especially in high-risk individuals.
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60/100
In this national case-control study of nursing home residents with ADRD receiving hospice care, initiation of benzodiazepine or antipsychotic use was associated with increased 180-day mortality.
Why it matters
In this study of nursing home residents with dementia receiving hospice care, starting benzodiazepines or antipsychotics was associated with higher 180-day mortality. The authors call for careful prescribing decisions and dementia-specific hospice prescribing guidelines.
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A multidimensional social exposome (MSE)-the combined lifespan measures of education, food insecurity, financial status, access to healthcare, childhood experiences, and more-may shape dementia risk and brain health over the lifespan, particularly in underserved regions like Latin America.
Why it matters
In 2,211 people across six Latin American countries, adverse social exposome factors such as food insecurity, financial resources, and access to healthcare were linked to poorer cognition and, in dementia, to worse clinical and brain measures. It is a non-representative cross-sectional study highlighting social disparities and prevention, not a treatment or cure.
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The intervention revealed no substantial between-group differences in caregiver burden (β=-3.80, 95% CI -11.25 to 3.65, P=.32), quality of life (β=-1.55, 95% CI -6.59 to 3.49, P=.55), or social support (β=0.85, 95% CI -2.86 to 4.56, P=.65).
Why it matters
In this randomized controlled trial in China, an iSupport web-based primary health care intervention showed no significant improvement in caregiver burden, quality of life, or social support. Learning behaviors did improve significantly in the intervention group, and the authors describe implementation barriers.
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The ARIC study enrolled 15,792 participants (27% Black) aged 45-64 years.
Why it matters
In the ARIC cohort, people who had a hospitalized transient ischemic attack had nearly double the risk of later dementia, and this elevated risk remained after excluding stroke as an intermediary. The authors suggest cognitive screening in post-TIA follow-up, but the study does not test a treatment or cure.
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Among 809 participants (mean [SD] age at death, 91.3 [6.1] years; 538 [72%] female; mean [SD] follow-up, 7.2 [4.4] years), HS was present in 82 (10.1%) participants; 71 participants (9%) had both HS and LATE-NC, and in the scored subset, 43 participants (14%) had moderate and 35 participants (12%) had severe hippocampal neuronal loss.
Why it matters
In an autopsy cohort of older adults, higher MIND diet scores were associated with lower odds of hippocampal sclerosis and less hippocampal neuronal loss, and the diet's association with dementia was partly mediated through hippocampal sclerosis. This is an observational cohort study, so it suggests a possible link but does not prove that the MIND diet prevents dementia.
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Adults were more likely than children to screen positive for a single autoantibody (4.0% vs. 2.6%) but less likely for multiple autoantibodies (0.83% vs. 2.8%; P < 0.001).
Why it matters
This study compares adults and children at risk of type 1 diabetes and reports differences in autoantibody patterns and progression to diabetes, with no Alzheimer's disease outcomes. It suggests that monitoring and intervention strategies for type 1 diabetes may need to differ between adults and children.
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26,416 adults we analyzed following propensity-score matching.
Why it matters
This cohort study found that gabapentin prescription in adults with chronic low back pain was associated with increased risk of dementia and cognitive impairment, particularly in non-elderly adults. It suggests that physicians should monitor cognitive outcomes in patients prescribed gabapentin.
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The sample included 740 donors (417 female [56.4%]; mean [SD] age at death, 81.5 [10.3] years; mean [SD] VBI score, 0.7 [1.0]; and median life course ADI, 7.08 [IQR, 4.33-9.83]), with residential years spanning 1905 to 2018.
Why it matters
In this study of brain bank donors, living more years in a more disadvantaged county, and increasing disadvantage over the life course, were linked to higher odds of vascular brain injury. It does not test any treatment, cure or prevention, but the authors say the results may help identify areas for targeted interventions to reduce cerebrovascular disease and dementia risk factors.
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During a median follow-up of 7.98 years, 896 incident dementia cases were identified among study participants.
Why it matters
This study developed and validated a machine learning model, deployed as a web application, to predict dementia risk in middle-aged and elderly people with depression. It is a risk prediction tool and does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention.
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The mean age of participants was 77.1 years (SD = 7.6), and 2779 were women (weighted % = 56.7).
Why it matters
In this cohort of US older adults, those living in neighborhoods with both low food access and low income had faster annual cognitive decline than their peers. This is an observational cohort study, so it shows an association and cannot prove that neighborhood food access causes cognitive decline.
From across this topic
10 of the 7,967 studies in this topic, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 10. The same 10 appear here every time.
- A systematic review of the prevalence, associations and outcomes of dementia in older general hospital inpatients
- Diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and development of cognitive impairment in older women
- The effects of computer-based cognitive training on attention and working memory in Thai older adults with mild cognitive impairment
- Prevalence of PD and other types of parkinsonism in three elderly populations of central Spain
- Global, regional, and national burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, 1990-2019
- Dietary sodium intake: evidence, controversies and practical recommendations
- Genome-wide association study of vascular dementia
- Development of a Rural and Remote Dementia Training Framework
- Validation of hippocampal volumes measured using a manual method and two automated methods (FreeSurfer and IBASPM) in chronic major depressive disorder
- Planning Ahead: protocol for a randomised trial of advance care planning for community dwelling older adults at increased mortality risk