Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.
Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.
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After a median follow-up time of 14.3 (7.9-20.0) years, dementia was recorded in 530 (1.2%) individuals with type 1 diabetes and 1,867 (0.9%) age-, sex-, and county-matched control individuals (mean baseline age 33.0 [14.0] years).
Why it matters
This nationwide register-based cohort study found that people with type 1 diabetes had a higher risk of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and non-Alzheimer-nonvascular dementia compared with matched controls. Risk factors included lower education, being single, higher systolic blood pressure, higher HbA1c, history of stroke or transient ischemic attack, history of cardiovascular disease, and longer diabetes duration, but the study did not test treatments to prevent or cure dementia.
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= 0.009). Significant differences in annualized changes in these FA and MD values were found depending on the presence or absence of type 2 diabetes and smoking.
Why it matters
This longitudinal study linked worsening brain microstructural integrity to declines in executive function, language and memory, with differences based on type 2 diabetes and smoking. The authors say these findings provide a basis for future research into whether managing vascular risk factors can delay cognitive decline.
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Among older adults with diabetes, no clear evidence was found that the incidence of dementia differed overall between patients using GLP-1RAs versus DPP4is.
Why it matters
This target trial emulation compared GLP-1 receptor agonists with DPP4 inhibitors as second-line therapy for type 2 diabetes and examined dementia risk in older adults. The text provided does not report the dementia results, so no conclusion about GLP-1 receptor agonists and dementia can be drawn.
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The study included 732 participants (median [IQR] age, 41 [34.0-48.0] years; 369 [50.4%] male; 64 [8.9%] Black or African American, 587 [81.3%] White, and 71 [9.8%] other races); 414 reported baseline FTS use and 318 did not.
Why it matters
This study is about fentanyl test strip use and overdose risk in people who use drugs, not about Alzheimer's disease. It provides no information relevant to treating, curing, or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Of the 14 685 participants (7355 female [50%] and 7330 male [50%]; mean [SD] age, 73.8 [8.5] years) who met the inclusion criteria, 221 participants (1.5%) developed LOE during follow-up.
Why it matters
This longitudinal study examined risk factors for late-onset epilepsy in people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment. It found that the APOE4 allele, dementia onset before age 60, Alzheimer's disease dementia subtype, worse cognition, stroke or TIA, and Parkinson's disease were associated with developing late-onset epilepsy, and suggests routine EEG screening for those with these risk factors.
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Mean age ± SD was 83.4 ± 9.1 years. Most were female (72.0%), white (92.3%), non-Hispanic (84.6%), and lived in nursing homes (76.9%).
Why it matters
This randomized trial found that treating restless legs syndrome improved nighttime agitation and sleep in persons with dementia, though the treatment group had more adverse events and a trend toward more falls. It suggests a novel approach for managing nighttime agitation, but larger and longer trials are needed.
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65/100
Alongside APOE ε4, iPRS-DEM may refine risk stratification for the enrichment of dementia clinical trials and prevention programs.
Why it matters
A polygenic score combining genetic risk for Alzheimer's and 23 vascular or neurodegenerative traits was associated with dementia risk independently of APOE across several groups. Combining this score with APOE e4 improved risk stratification, reaching five-fold increased risk in one memory-clinic group.
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A total of 450 111 participants were included in the study (mean [SD] age, 51.1 [9.8] years; 70.8% women) and followed up during a median (IQR) time of 14.9 (4.1) years.
Why it matters
This cohort study is about obesity-linked cancer risk, not Alzheimer's disease. It found that higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a modest reduction in obesity-related cancer risk, independent of body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio.
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Over a mean follow-up of 7.9 years, 694 incident dementia cases occurred.
Why it matters
In this UK cohort, short sleep under 7 hours was linked to higher dementia risk, while more regular sleep was linked to lower risk. The authors say that if these associations are causal, keeping a regular sleep pattern might help offset the risks of not getting enough sleep.
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65/100
This study examined whether levels of blood biomarkers of amyloid (Aβ 42 /Aβ 40 ratio), tau (p-tau 181 ), neurodegeneration (NfL), and glial activation and neuroinflammation (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP], YKL40, soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 [sTREM2]) collected when participants were cognitively normal are associated with the time to onset of MCI.
Why it matters
In this long-term study, lower plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio and higher GFAP, p-tau181, and NfL measured when people were cognitively normal were linked to earlier onset of mild cognitive impairment. It only describes how blood markers relate to later symptom onset and does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention.
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Compared with non-users, SGLT-2i, GLP-1RA, TZD and metformin were associated with the reduced risk of dementia in patients with T2D. SGLT-2i, and GLP-1RA may serve as the optimal choice to improve the cognitive prognosis in patients with T2D.
Why it matters
This network meta-analysis of 41 observational studies and 23 randomized controlled trials found that SGLT-2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, thiazolidinediones, and metformin were all associated with reduced dementia risk in people with type 2 diabetes. It suggests several diabetes drugs may be linked to lower dementia risk, but it does not establish that any of them treat or cure dementia.
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The mechanism of injury was a fall in 1 228 847 incidents (50.1%).
Why it matters
This cohort study examined the risk of a new dementia diagnosis within one year after an injurious fall in older adults without preexisting dementia. The text provided does not report the study's results, so no conclusion about falls and dementia risk can be drawn.
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In this cohort and MR study of UK Biobank participants, cataracts were associated with increased risk of dementia, especially vascular dementia, and reduced total brain volumes.
Why it matters
Cataracts and myopia were associated with a higher risk of Alzheimer disease and related dementias, and genetic analyses linked cataracts to vascular dementia and smaller brain volumes. The authors say these findings lend further support to an association between eye conditions and dementia, though the nature of the link remains unclear.
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65/100
We conducted a systematic review of research in artificial intelligence (AI) for retinal fundus photographic images.
Why it matters
This systematic review found that AI algorithms applied to retinal fundus photographs can identify several disorders, including dementia, with high accuracy. It is about screening and diagnosis, not about treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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This study underscores the substantial prevalence of loneliness and social isolation among informal carers of individuals with dementia.
Why it matters
This review of 27 studies found that about half of informal dementia carers experienced loneliness and over a third experienced social isolation. The authors suggest that policymakers and healthcare providers should develop targeted interventions and support systems for this group.
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We conducted the largest metabolome investigation of dementia to date, for the first time revealed the metabolite importance ranking, and highlighted the contribution of plasma metabolites for dementia prediction.
Why it matters
In 274,160 UK Biobank participants, 143 of 249 metabolites were significantly associated with incident all-cause dementia, and a metabolic risk score stratified dementia risk. This is about predicting risk, not about treating, curing or preventing dementia.
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65/100
After 3 months, IG improved gait speed (p = 0.016), implying a statistically significant difference between groups in favour of IG (p = 0.003).
Why it matters
In people with dementia living in a specialized unit, tango therapy improved gait speed and lessened decline in functional mobility and daily living skills compared with physical exercise. Both groups declined in ability to perform activities of daily living, and the study had only 31 participants.
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In this study, terminating metformin treatment was associated with increased dementia incidence.
Why it matters
This cohort study found that people with diabetes who stopped metformin early, while their kidney function was still normal, had a higher hazard of dementia diagnosis compared with routine metformin users. It raises the possibility that continuing metformin may be linked to lower dementia risk, but the design cannot prove that metformin itself prevents dementia.
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Collaborative dementia care programs are effective in addressing the needs of patients with dementia and their caregivers.
Why it matters
In a planned secondary analysis of a randomized trial of 460 Medicare fee-for-service patients with dementia, a telehealth programme was linked to lower total Medicare costs than usual care: a mean of about $526 a month over 12 months, excluding drug costs. In the programme, an unlicensed care guide supported the caregiver and connected the family to dementia specialists. The study measured spending only, not patient or caregiver well-being, and says nothing about treating or preventing Alzheimer's.
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Among 137 randomized participants, 2 were excluded for not meeting eligibility criteria, leaving 135 (mean [SD] age, 69.3 [3.8] years; 83 female [61%]) eligible for analysis.
Why it matters
In this secondary analysis of 135 cognitively healthy older adults, meditation training and non-native language training did not support use for enhancing cognition. The findings did not support these interventions for improving cognition in this population.
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Among hospitalized older adults with serious illness, a pragmatic clinician-facing communication-priming intervention significantly improved documentation of goals-of-care discussions in the electronic health record, with a greater effect size in racially or ethnically minoritized patients.
Why it matters
This randomized trial found that a clinician-facing communication intervention improved documentation of goals-of-care discussions for hospitalized older adults with serious illness. It is about communication about care goals and does not test any treatment, cure or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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Cross-sectional evidence implicates high prevalent frailty in patients with Parkinson disease (PD), whereas the longitudinal association remains unknown.
Why it matters
This study examined whether physical frailty is linked over time to developing Parkinson disease, not Alzheimer's disease. It does not provide information on treating, curing, or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Offspring participants (497 [33.9%]) had a mean (SD) age of 55 (10.7) years, had a mean (SD) of 13 (3.5) years of education, and included 117 Black individuals (23.5%), 348 Latinx individuals (70%), 32 White individuals (6.4%), and 324 women (65.2%).
Why it matters
This study examined MRI markers of cerebrovascular disease and neurodegeneration in racially and ethnically diverse middle-aged and older adults. It is about documenting disparities in brain health, not about treating, curing, or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Hearing impairment was recently identified as the most prominent risk factor for dementia.
Why it matters
Across several large datasets, poorer hearing was associated with worse cognitive function, brain atrophy, and tau pathology. This supports hearing impairment as a risk marker, but the study did not test whether treating hearing loss prevents dementia.
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There are 9.9 million new cases of dementia in the world every year.
Why it matters
This double-blinded randomized clinical trial tested transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in patients with mild cognitive impairment. The available text does not report whether the stimulation improved cognitive function.
From across this topic
10 of the 7,967 studies in this topic, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 10. The same 10 appear here every time.
- The Prevalence of Infection and Sepsis Associated Dysphagia in Hospitalised Patients: A Retrospective Cross-sectional Study
- A Proportional Hazards Model for the Subdistribution of a Competing Risk
- The use of the Digit Span Test in screening for cognitive impairment in acute medical inpatients
- Sleep Disorders in Neurodegenerative Diseases with Dementia: A Comprehensive Review
- Disparities in deep brain stimulation surgery among insured elders with Parkinson disease
- Examination of metabolic syndrome in Down syndrome and association with dementia
- Diabetes as a risk factor for dementia and mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies
- Refining a Digital Therapeutic Platform for Home Care Agencies in Dementia Care to Elicit Stakeholder Feedback: Focus Group Study With Stakeholders
- All cause and disease specific mortality in patients with knee or hip osteoarthritis: population based cohort study
- The prevention of dementia