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Dementia Risk in People With Type 1 Diabetes and Associated Risk Factors: A Nationwide, Register-Based Cohort Study
Milena Jancev, Björn Eliasson, Hertzel C. Gerstein, Katarina Eeg‐Olofsson, Tali Cukierman‐Yaffe, Geert Jan Biessels, J. Hans DeVries, Frank L.J. Visseren et al.. Diabetes Care, 2025-09-19
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
After a median follow-up time of 14.3 (7.9-20.0) years, dementia was recorded in 530 (1.2%) individuals with type 1 diabetes and 1,867 (0.9%) age-, sex-, and county-matched control individuals (mean baseline age 33.0 [14.0] years). Compared with control individuals, individuals with type 1 diabetes had a higher risk of all-cause dementia (hazard ratio [HR] 2.02 [95% CI 1.83-2.23], Alzheimer disease (HR 1.38 [95% CI 1.13-1.69]), vascular dementia (HR 3.73 [95% CI 3.07-4.52]) and non-Alzheimer-nonvascular dementia (HR 1.87 [95% CI 1.63-2.15]). Risk factors related to dementia risk in type 1 diabetes beyond age were lower education level, being single, higher systolic blood pressure, higher HbA1c, history of stroke or transient ischemic attack, history of cardiovascular disease, and longer diabetes duration. The risk of all-cause dementia and dementia subtypes is higher in individuals with type 1 diabetes compared with matched control individuals.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Jancev, M., Eliasson, B., Gerstein, H. C., Eeg‐Olofsson, K., Cukierman‐Yaffe, T., Biessels, G. J., et al. (2025). Dementia Risk in People With Type 1 Diabetes and Associated Risk Factors: A Nationwide, Register-Based Cohort Study. Diabetes Care. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc25-0773
Vancouver
Jancev M, Eliasson B, Gerstein HC, Eeg‐Olofsson K, Cukierman‐Yaffe T, Biessels GJ, et al. Dementia Risk in People With Type 1 Diabetes and Associated Risk Factors: A Nationwide, Register-Based Cohort Study. Diabetes Care. 2025. doi:10.2337/dc25-0773. PMID: 40970426.
BibTeX
@article{jancev2025-40970426,
author = {Jancev, Milena and Eliasson, Björn and Gerstein, Hertzel C. and Eeg‐Olofsson, Katarina and Cukierman‐Yaffe, Tali and Biessels, Geert Jan and DeVries, J. Hans and Visseren, Frank L.J. and others},
title = {{Dementia Risk in People With Type 1 Diabetes and Associated Risk Factors: A Nationwide, Register-Based Cohort Study}},
journal = {Diabetes Care},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.2337/dc25-0773},
pmid = {40970426},
url = {https://doi.org/10.2337/dc25-0773}
}
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Key findings
- After a median follow-up time of 14.3 (7.9-20.0) years, dementia was recorded in 530 (1.2%) individuals with type 1 diabetes and 1,867 (0.9%) age-, sex-, and county-matched control individuals (mean baseline age 33.0 [14.0] years).
- Compared with control individuals, individuals with type 1 diabetes had a higher risk of all-cause dementia (hazard ratio [HR] 2.02 [95% CI 1.83-2.23], Alzheimer disease (HR 1.38 [95% CI 1.13-1.69]), vascular dementia (HR 3.73 [95% CI 3.07-4.52]) and non-Alzheimer-nonvascular dementia (HR 1.87 [95% CI 1.63-2.15]).
- Risk factors related to dementia risk in type 1 diabetes beyond age were lower education level, being single, higher systolic blood pressure, higher HbA1c, history of stroke or transient ischemic attack, history of cardiovascular disease, and longer diabetes duration.
- The risk of all-cause dementia and dementia subtypes is higher in individuals with type 1 diabetes compared with matched control individuals.
Why it matters
This nationwide register-based cohort study found that people with type 1 diabetes had a higher risk of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and non-Alzheimer-nonvascular dementia compared with matched controls. Risk factors included lower education, being single, higher systolic blood pressure, higher HbA1c, history of stroke or transient ischemic attack, history of cardiovascular disease, and longer diabetes duration, but the study did not test treatments to prevent or cure dementia.
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Study details
- Study designcohort study
- Participants43,440
- Effect size1.2%; 0.9%; HR 1.38
- Evidence strengthModerate
How this study scored 65/100
Published in a leading specialty journal, and it is a cohort study following people over time. Scored zero for randomized / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 9 / 10 | Tier 2 — leading specialty journal (Diabetes Care) |
| Journal's citation record | 4 / 4 | Diabetes Care: journal h-index 509 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 7 / 12 | A cohort study following people over time |
| Strength of evidence | 3 / 5 | Rated “moderate” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 4 / 5 | 2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 4 / 4 | 43,440 participants |
| Effect reported | 3 / 3 | Effect reported with a statistic (interval, p-value, ratio or similar) |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomized / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 2 / 7 | Cited 5 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 1 / 5 | 1.7 citations a year over 3 year(s) since 2025 |
| Impact for its field and year | 3 / 6 | Cited 3.2× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 0 / 6 | No other study in this library cites it |
| Still being cited | 1 / 4 | Cited 5 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 2 / 4 | Last-listed author Thomas T. van Sloten: h-index 34 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 2 / 3 | University of Glasgow: institution h-index 1,600 (OpenAlex) |
| Multicenter collaboration | 3 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 11 institution(s) in 5 countries |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 40970426) |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Total | 65 / 100 | — |
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