Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.
Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.
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During a median 13.7 years of follow-up, prediabetes (n=52,693) was associated with higher risks of vascular dementia (hazard ratio (HR):1.36; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14-1.61), stroke (HR:1.09; 95% CI: 1.01-1.16), ischemic stroke (HR:1.10; 95% CI: 1.02-1.19), and intracerebral hemorrhage (HR:1.19; 95% CI: 1.01-1.39) compared with normoglycemia, after adjustment for major confounding factors and across extensive sensitivity analyses.
Why it matters
This study found that prediabetes was associated with higher risks of vascular dementia, stroke, and brain structural decline, with risks emerging below current diagnostic thresholds for type 2 diabetes. It suggests that prediabetes is a critical stage for early intervention to preserve brain health, but it does not show that treating prediabetes prevents dementia.
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High LDL-C (≥160 mg/dL) increased AD risk across all groups {hazard ratio (HR): 1.23 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10-1.38],p<0.001;HR: 1.45 (95% CI: 1.08-1.93),p=0.013;HR: 1.25 (95% CI: 1.10-1.42),p<0.001, respectively}, whereas low LDL-C (<70 mg/dL) showed higher VD risk in those not taking cholesterol-lowering medication [HR: 3.02 (95% CI: 1.73-5.27),p<0.001].Low HDL-C (≤40 mg/dL) was associated with increased AD and VD risk in non-users.
Why it matters
This study found that high LDL-C was linked to increased Alzheimer's disease risk, while low LDL-C was linked to increased vascular dementia risk in those not taking cholesterol-lowering medication. It suggests that lipid levels have different associations with dementia subtypes depending on medication use, but it does not show that changing lipid levels prevents dementia.
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Whole-brain bm-CVR values were significantly associated with the diagnosis group of normal, MCI, and early dementia (β = -3.00%/mm Hg, 95% confidence interval (CI) [-5.42, -0.58]), and were lower in the impaired participants relative to participants with normal cognition (β = -2.18, CI [-3.91, -0.45]).
Why it matters
In older adults at high risk for vascular dementia, a gas-free measure of cerebrovascular reactivity was lower in those with cognitive impairment and was linked to worse global cognition, processing speed and language. This identifies a possible marker of vascular brain injury but does not test any treatment or prevention.
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48/100
length of stay, need for a higher level of care, and mortality after discharge in patients with and without delirium.
Why it matters
Delirium was common but underdiagnosed in acutely admitted older patients and was linked to longer hospital stays and higher mortality. The findings highlight the need for better prevention, identification, and management of delirium in hospitals.
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Without adaptation, ADD heatwave-attributable deaths are projected to rise sharply, especially under rapid socioeconomic development with high greenhouse gas emissions scenario (SSP5-RCP8.5) in the 2080s, which reach 59,088-an 11-fold (+1003%) increase comparing to 2010s levels.
Why it matters
This projection estimates that without adaptation, heatwave-attributable dementia deaths in China could rise sharply by the 2080s, with cold spell deaths declining but not enough to offset the increase, and adaptation strategies could avert up to 76.4% of heatwave-attributable deaths. These are future projections about deaths related to extreme temperatures, not findings about treating, curing, or preventing Alzheimer's disease itself.
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Older adults in rural India experience higher social isolation due to limited social and healthcare resources.
Why it matters
This study found that rural older adults in India had higher rates of social isolation and loneliness than urban counterparts. It describes differences in social isolation but does not test a treatment or prevention for dementia.
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Neurophysiological activity features and tau pet provided additional information to the clinical model when acquired up to ∼4 years prior to diagnosis, but their accuracy decreased at larger intervals.
Why it matters
This study found that the accuracy of different biomarkers for predicting progression to mild cognitive impairment depends on how long before diagnosis they are measured, with some remaining accurate up to six years prior. It is about biomarker timing for prediction and does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention.
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Midlife hearing loss was associated with smaller brain volumes, accelerated decline in executive function, accelerated accrual of white matter abnormalities, and a near doubling of dementia risk, suggesting a potential causal or biomarker role for midlife hearing loss in the prevention of late‐life dementia.
Why it matters
This study found that hearing loss was associated with smaller brain volume, decline in executive function, increased white matter hyperintensity volume, and a higher risk of developing all-cause dementia. It suggests that hearing loss is a potentially modifiable risk factor, but it does not show that treating hearing loss prevents dementia.
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117 participants have complete data (mean age: 73 ± 7.4).
Why it matters
This cohort study found that participants had less than desirable intake of carotenoid-rich foods and that few followed a diet supportive of brain health. These preliminary findings call for more research into dietary interventions for prevention or delay of cognitive decline, but they do not show that diet prevents Alzheimer's disease.
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To the Editor: The standardized management of pain–agitation–delirium (PAD) represents a fundamental component of clinical practice in intensive care units (ICUs).[1] Evidence-based analgesia and sedation strategies not only alleviate patients’ physiological discomfort and psychological distress, but also significantly reduce mechanical ventilation duration, improve long-term prognosis, and optimize healthcare resource allocation.[1,2] Equally crucial is delirium management, as evidenced by studies demonstrating that delirium duration independently predicts mortality risk, hospital stay length, healthcare expenditures, and acquired dementia incidence.[3] Although existing studies have explored PAD management practices, most rely on clinicians’ subjective recall that may distort objective clinical realities and fail to reflect distinctive characteristics.[4] Therefore, this nationwide multicenter cross-sectional study, initiated by the Critical Care Analgesia and Sedation Quality Control Subspecialty Group under the China National Center for Medical Quality Control in Critical Care Medicine, aims to investigate the current status of PAD management in China.
Why it matters
This survey of Chinese intensive care units found no significant differences in sedation assessment rates across hospital grades, but significant variation in delirium assessment rates. It describes current practice patterns and does not test any treatment, cure or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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= 0.005). Cox regression analysis revealed that polypharmacy was significantly associated with a reduced risk of MCI progression to dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.31 to 0.78) after adjusting for covariates.
Why it matters
Polypharmacy was associated with a reduced risk of progression from mild cognitive impairment to dementia, and antihypertensive and lipid-modifying drugs were also linked to reduced risk. The authors note the importance of medication appropriateness over medication count, and this is an observational association that does not establish that any medication prevents dementia.
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Early detection of cognitive decline in older adults is essential for implementing timely interventions.
Why it matters
In this cross-sectional study of community-dwelling older adults, the MoCA was more sensitive and specific than the MMSE for detecting cognitive impairment, especially with education-adjusted cut-offs. It compares screening tools and does not test any treatment, cure or prevention.
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At baseline, sbvFTD showed right-predominant temporal pole involvement associated with significant right frontal atrophy.
Why it matters
This longitudinal imaging study described distinct patterns of brain structural damage and progression across frontotemporal dementia variants, and a machine-learning model classified variants with about 82-83% accuracy. These findings support diagnostic and prognostic tools but do not test any treatment, cure or prevention.
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Out of 180 subjects, 74 showed short-term training gain transfer that was maintained over 3 months in 19 subjects.
Why it matters
In this cognitive training study of 180 cognitively healthy older adults, 74 showed short-term transfer of training gains and 19 maintained it over 3 months. Long-term transfer appeared to depend on a combination of brain structure and function, which may explain mixed results in earlier studies.
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48/100
One hundred and fifty rules were found for caregivers with a moderate to severe burden, and these rules can be further summarized into twenty general rules.
Why it matters
This cross-sectional study used rule-based analysis to identify combinations of patient and caregiver factors associated with moderate to severe caregiver burden, such as a female caregiver solely caring for a spouse with moderate Alzheimer's disease. The findings are about identifying and supporting burdened caregivers and do not address treating, curing, or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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The 12 risk factors account for 60.3% of dementia cases in China, including 14.0% in early life, 8.8% in midlife, and 37.5% in later life.
Why it matters
This analysis estimates that 12 modifiable risk factors account for 60.3% of dementia cases in China, with 14.0% in early life, 8.8% in midlife, and 37.5% in later life. The authors note that some factors had wide confidence intervals indicating lack of evidence, and that more evidence is needed for specific risk factors.
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The implementation of needs assessments was associated with increased long-term care (LTC) service utilization.
Why it matters
This cohort study found that implementing needs assessments was associated with increased long-term care service use and a shift in caregiver burden, with supportive resources such as self-care abilities and shared caregiving linked to lower burden. It suggests needs assessments may help connect caregivers to services, but it is an observational study and cannot prove cause and effect.
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48/100
Measures of cognition were especially important predictive features of clinical diagnosis.
Why it matters
A machine learning algorithm diagnosed cognitive impairment and dementia in harmonized older adult cohorts, with cognition measures as the strongest predictors and better accuracy when informant-report function measures were included. Algorithmic diagnosis is proposed as a possible substitute or standardized alternative to clinical diagnosis, not as a treatment, cure, or prevention.
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48/100
Growing evidence underscores the importance of cardiovascular contributions to Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD).
Why it matters
This review discusses sex differences in cardiovascular contributions to Alzheimer's and related dementias, noting that many cardiovascular risk factors confer greater dementia risk in women than men. It recommends using sex-informed methods in research, but does not test any treatment or prevention approach.
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Childhood obesity is a growing global health concern, with established links to physical activity, nutrition, and, increasingly, to prenatal and perinatal factors.
Why it matters
This review is about childhood obesity, not Alzheimer's disease, and it reports no findings on dementia treatment, cure or prevention. It only describes how maternal conditions and early-life exposures may program later metabolic and cardiovascular disease.
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This work was supported by a Crossover grant (Maintaining Optimal Cognitive Functioning In Aging [MOCIA] 17611) of the Dutch Research Council (NWO), granted in December 2019.
Why it matters
This paper describes the design and baseline characteristics of the HELI randomized controlled trial, which will assess how a multidomain lifestyle intervention affects brain function and immunometabolic markers in 102 older adults at risk of cognitive decline. No outcome results are reported yet, so it cannot yet say whether the intervention prevents cognitive decline.
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In 3413 participants (mean age: 59 ± 14 years, 53.4% women), 11% had prevalent CVD or AF, 8% had prevalent CVD, and 4% had prevalent AF.
Why it matters
In this study of 3413 participants, having prevalent cardiovascular disease or atrial fibrillation was associated with the presence of one cerebral small vessel disease marker, but the association with two or more markers was not significant. Only cerebral microbleeds were associated with components of cardiovascular disease and atrial fibrillation, and the study does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention.
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48/100
Among 52 participants recruited, 27 were former caregivers, 16 were current caregivers, and nine were persons with dementia; experiences reflected Alzheimer's (n = 18), sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob (n = 12), Lewy body (n = 7), and other dementias (n = 15).
Why it matters
This framework for financial hardship in dementia, based on 52 participants, describes direct, emotional, and logistical hardships from mismatches between needs and resources. It notes the financial toll of dementia can be substantial even in a well-resourced population.
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Despite recent advances in the treatment of obesity, lifestyle medicine remains foundational to the treatment of individuals with obesity, regardless of the modality chosen by the patient with the guidance of the clinician they are working with, including in conjunction with, as appropriate, anti-obesity medications and metabolic surgery.
Why it matters
This article is about lifestyle medicine for obesity, not Alzheimer's disease, so it provides no information on Alzheimer's treatment, cure or prevention. It states that lifestyle medicine remains foundational for treating obesity, including alongside medications and surgery.
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MDS varied significantly by age, sex, education, and language of administration even among participants with normal cognition.
Why it matters
This study developed a calculator that converts MoCA domain scores into adjusted Z-scores to help assess cognitive impairment when full neuropsychological testing is not feasible. It is a diagnostic aid and does not treat, cure or prevent Alzheimer's disease.
From across this topic
10 of the 7,967 studies in this topic, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 10. The same 10 appear here every time.
- MRI uncovers disrupted hippocampal microstructure that underlies memory impairments after early-life adversity
- Impact of differential attrition on the association of education with cognitive change over 20 years of follow-up: the ARIC neurocognitive study
- Joggin' the Noggin: Towards a Physiological Understanding of Exercise-Induced Cognitive Benefits
- Parkinson's disease progression at 30 years: a study of subthalamic deep brain-stimulated patients
- Associations among cognitive performance, VCAM-1, and GFAP in black adults: The ARCHES study
- Dementia Diagnosis Disparities by Race and Ethnicity
- Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire as a screening test for dementia and delirium among the elderly
- Comparison of the quick mild cognitive impairment (Qmci) screen and the SMMSE in screening for mild cognitive impairment
- Electroencephalogram and Event-Related Potential in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Recent Developments in Signal Processing, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning
- Caregiver Sleep Quality and Depression: The Roles of Dementia Caregiving, Support Availability, and Rural–Urban Contexts