Get help now — free helplines

You can call any of these for free. You do not need a diagnosis, an appointment, or a crisis to call — questions and plain exhaustion are reasons enough.

  • Alzheimer's Association 24/7 Helpline 800-272-3900 24 hours a day, 365 days a year Free, confidential support and information for people with dementia, caregivers, families and the public. Master's-level clinicians. Also Spanish.
  • 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline 988 24/7 Call or text 988, or chat at 988lifeline.org. For anyone in emotional distress or a mental-health crisis, including caregivers.
  • Alzheimer's Foundation of America (AFA) Helpline 866-232-8484 9:00 am - 9:00 pm ET, seven days a week Licensed social workers providing support, info and referrals. Also text message and web chat. Text: 646-586-5283

In a medical emergency, call 911. More numbers, and what each line does, on the help page.

Newest in this topic

  1. Pathway-specific polygenic risk scores reveal underlying mechanisms of cerebral small vessel disease 2026-09-14
  2. Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Risk of Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality: The Framingham Heart Study 2026-09-07
  3. Regional Distribution of Mineralized Blood Vessels in Alzheimer Disease and Clinicopathological Associations: A Multicenter Autopsy Study 2026-09-01

Studies

908 studies carry this tag.

Date range

1975 to 2026

Top journals

  • Neurology 93
  • Stroke 61
  • Alzheimer s & Dementia 31
  • Brain : a journal of neurology 20
  • Annals of neurology 19

343 journals in all.

Newest first, then by address. Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0); tap a score to see what makes it up. Tags were assigned automatically from each study's title and summary. The same studies as a filter in the library.

  1. Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk factor for cerebral white matter change in a middle-aged and older general population

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 57 out of 100. Sleep 2013-05-01 Vascular contributions

    Study objective Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) contributes to the development of systemic hypertension, and hypertension strongly predicts the development of white matter change (WMC).

  2. The effects of hypertension on the cerebral circulation

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 46 out of 100. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 2013-04-12 How common it is

    Maintenance of brain function depends on a constant blood supply.

  3. Perivascular spaces are associated with atherosclerosis: an insight from the Northern Manhattan Study

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 46 out of 100. AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology 2013-04-04 Disparities

    These results suggest that mechanisms leading to atherosclerosis might also lead to an increased number of perivascular spaces.

  4. Acute and chronic traumatic encephalopathies: pathogenesis and biomarkers

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 45 out of 100. Nature reviews. Neurology 2013-04-01 Brain tissue and pathology

    Over the past decade, public awareness of the long-term pathological consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has increased.

  5. Pathogenesis of cerebral microbleeds: In vivo imaging of amyloid and subcortical ischemic small vessel disease in 226 individuals with cognitive impairment

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 57 out of 100. Annals of neurology 2013-03-12 Brain scans and imaging

    Parietal and occipital lobar CMBs counts were higher in PiB(+) ADCI with moderate WMH than PiB(+) ADCI with minimal WMH, whereas PiB(-) patients with SVCI (ie, "pure" SVCI) showed both lobar and deep CMBs.

  6. Cognitive impairment after lacunar stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence, prevalence and comparison with other stroke subtypes

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 76 out of 100. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry 2013-03-01 Vascular contributions

    We identified 24 relevant studies of 7575 patients, including 2860 with lacunar stroke; 24% had MCI or dementia post stroke.

  7. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy burden associated with leukoaraiosis: a positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging study

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 51 out of 100. Annals of neurology 2013-02-19 Brain scans and imaging

    These findings support the idea that vascular amyloid burden directly contributes to chronic cerebral ischemia and highlights the possible utility of amyloid imaging as a marker of CAA severity.

  8. Cognitive disorders and dementia in CKD: the neglected kidney-brain axis

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 52 out of 100. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 2013-01-04 How common it is

    Epidemiologic data suggest that individuals at all stages of CKD have a higher risk of developing cognitive disorders and dementia.

  9. Inflammation and white matter degeneration persist for years after a single traumatic brain injury

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 70 out of 100. Brain : a journal of neurology 2013-01-01 Inflammation and the immune system

    A single traumatic brain injury is associated with an increased risk of dementia and, in a proportion of patients surviving a year or more from injury, the development of hallmark Alzheimer's disease-like pathologies.

  10. In vivo detection of cerebral cortical microinfarcts with high-resolution 7T MRI

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 48 out of 100. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2012-12-19 Brain scans and imaging

    Cerebrovascular disease has an important role in cognitive decline and dementia.

  11. The smallest stroke: occlusion of one penetrating vessel leads to infarction and a cognitive deficit

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. Nature neuroscience 2012-12-16 Vascular contributions

    Microinfarctions are present in the aged and injured human brain.

  12. Cognitive deficits and delayed neuronal loss in a mouse model of multiple microinfarcts

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 47 out of 100. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2012-12-01 Inflammation and the immune system

    Microinfarcts are a common clinical feature of the aging brain, particularly in patients with cognitive decline or vascular or Alzheimer's dementia.

  13. Cerebrovascular atherosclerosis correlates with Alzheimer pathology in neurodegenerative dementias

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 51 out of 100. Brain : a journal of neurology 2012-11-30 Brain tissue and pathology

    A growing body of evidence demonstrates an association between vascular risk factors and Alzheimer's disease.

  14. The neural basis of semantic cognition: converging evidence from neuropsychology, neuroimaging and TMS

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior 2012-11-13 Vascular contributions

    Recent studies suggest that a complex, distributed neural network underpins semantic cognition.

  15. Cerebral blood flow in Alzheimer's disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100. Vascular health and risk management 2012-10-23 Hippocampus size on brain scans

    These results indicate an association between brain hypoperfusion and the dementia of AD.

  16. Geographic variation of epilepsy for older Americans: How close to the geographic variation of stroke?

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 34 out of 100. Epilepsia 2012-09-07 Risk factors

    Of 1,212,015 beneficiaries, 11.9 per 1,000 had prevalent and 2.9 new cases of epilepsy.

  17. Metabolic syndrome, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease--the emerging role of systemic low-grade inflammation and adiposity

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 41 out of 100. Brain research bulletin 2012-08-18 Mild cognitive impairment

    The past decade has shed new light on the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is the consequence of interactions between numerous lesions.

  18. A Paravascular Pathway Facilitates CSF Flow Through the Brain Parenchyma and the Clearance of Interstitial Solutes, Including Amyloid β

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 57 out of 100. Science Translational Medicine 2012-08-15 Disease mechanisms

    Because it lacks a lymphatic circulation, the brain must clear extracellular proteins by an alternative mechanism.

  19. Trajectory of white matter hyperintensity burden preceding mild cognitive impairment

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 63 out of 100. Neurology 2012-07-25 Brain scans and imaging

    Acceleration in WMH burden, a common indicator of cerebrovascular disease in the elderly, is a pathologic change that emerges early in the presymptomatic phase leading to MCI.

  20. Coevolution of white matter hyperintensities and cognition in the elderly

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 62 out of 100. Neurology 2012-07-18 Brain scans and imaging

    Aging-associated WMHs evolve significantly over a 4-year period.

  21. Abnormal insula functional network is associated with episodic memory decline in amnestic mild cognitive impairment

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 44 out of 100. NeuroImage 2012-07-06 Mild cognitive impairment

    Abnormalities of functional connectivity in the default mode network (DMN) recently have been reported in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD) or other psychiatric diseases.

  22. P3‐402: Detection of PCC functional connectivity characteristics in subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment: A resting‐state fMRI study

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 29 out of 100. Alzheimer s & Dementia 2012-07-01 Risk factors

    Subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment (svMCI) is known to be a prodromal stage of subcortical vascular dementia (SVaD) (1-3) who may also developed to mixed Alzheimer's disease (AD) (4).

  23. The Framingham Brain Donation Program: neuropathology along the cognitive continuum

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 49 out of 100. Current Alzheimer research 2012-07-01 Long-term cohort studies

    The Framingham Heart Study has enrolled 3 generations of participants, the original cohort (gen 1) enrolled in 1948, the offspring cohort (gen 2) enrolled in 1971 and the third generation enrolled in 2002.

  24. FLAIR and diffusion MRI signals are independent predictors of white matter hyperintensities

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 52 out of 100. AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology 2012-06-14 Brain scans and imaging

    Stepwise decreases in WM integrity as measured by both DTI and FLAIR were independently associated with stepwise increases in WMH risk, emphasizing that these modalities may provide complementary information for understanding the time course of aging-associated WM degeneration.

  25. Resting-state brain functional connectivity is altered in type 2 diabetes

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 50 out of 100. Diabetes 2012-06-04 Brain scans and imaging

    Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for Alzheimer disease (AD).

  26. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: neurodegeneration following repetitive concussive and subconcussive brain trauma

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 49 out of 100. Brain imaging and behavior 2012-06-01 Brain tissue and pathology

    Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease thought to be caused, at least in part, by repetitive brain trauma, including concussive and subconcussive injuries.

  27. Hypertension induces brain β-amyloid accumulation, cognitive impairment, and memory deterioration through activation of receptor for advanced glycation end products in brain vasculature

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 48 out of 100. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 2012-05-21 Inflammation and the immune system

    Although epidemiological data associate hypertension with a strong predisposition to develop Alzheimer disease, no mechanistic explanation exists so far.

  28. Microglia Sculpt Postnatal Neural Circuits in an Activity and Complement-Dependent Manner

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 59 out of 100. Neuron 2012-05-01 Inflammation and the immune system

    This study investigated the role of microglia in remodeling synapses within the developing brain.

  29. Prior pathology in the basal forebrain cholinergic system predisposes to inflammation-induced working memory deficits: reconciling inflammatory and cholinergic hypotheses of delirium

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2012-05-01 Clinical safety

    Delirium is a profound, acute confusional state that leads to long-term cognitive decline.

  30. Atherosclerotic calcification relates to cognitive function and to brain changes on magnetic resonance imaging

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 49 out of 100. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association 2012-04-25 Long-term cohort studies

    Increasing evidence suggests a role of atherosclerosis in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment and dementia.

  31. Central cardiovascular circuits contribute to the neurovascular dysfunction in angiotensin II hypertension

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2012-04-01 Clinical safety

    Hypertension, a powerful risk factor for stroke and dementia, has damaging effects on the brain and its vessels.

  32. Prefrontal cortex rTMS enhances action naming in progressive non-fluent aphasia

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 42 out of 100. European journal of neurology 2012-03-21 Digital health tools

    Our study demonstrated that rTMS improved action naming in subjects with PNFA, possibly due to the modulation of DLPFC pathways and a facilitation effect on lexical retrieval processes.

  33. Staging and natural history of cerebrovascular pathology in dementia

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 57 out of 100. Neurology 2012-02-29 Caregiving

    A staging system based on this conceptual model of cerebrovascular pathology could enable the neuropathologic quantification of the cerebrovascular burden in dementia.

  34. Cerebral hemodynamics and incident depression: the Rotterdam Study

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 53 out of 100. Biological psychiatry 2012-02-28 Long-term cohort studies

    According to the vascular depression hypothesis, subclinical cerebrovascular disease can cause depression in older adults.

  35. Circulating IL-6 and CRP are associated with MRI findings in the elderly: the 3C-Dijon Study

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 60 out of 100. Neurology 2012-02-22 Vascular contributions

    IL-6, and, to a lesser degree, CRP levels were associated with WMH severity as well as global markers of brain atrophy.

  36. Cerebral microbleeds are associated with worse cognitive function: the Rotterdam Scan Study

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 58 out of 100. Neurology 2012-01-18 Cognitive tests and assessment

    Cerebral microbleeds are frequently found in the general elderly population and may reflect underlying vascular disease, but their role in cognitive function is unknown.

  37. Cerebral microinfarcts: a systematic review of neuropathological studies

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 65 out of 100. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2012-01-11 Brain scans and imaging

    Vascular cognitive impairment is an umbrella term for cognitive dysfunction associated with and presumed to be caused by vascular brain damage.

  38. Among 91 nondemented subjects completing neuropsychological testing (mean/SD age, 73.4/11.6 years; 44% female; 56% stroke), 39 (42%) had MCI (amnestic multiple domain=10, nonamnestic multiple domain=9, nonamnestic single domain=19, amnestic single domain=1).

  39. Contribution of hyperammonemia and inflammatory factors to cognitive impairment in minimal hepatic encephalopathy

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 39 out of 100. Metabolic brain disease 2011-11-10 Mild cognitive impairment

    To assess the contribution of hyperammonemia and inflammation to induction of mild cognitive impairment (or MHE).

  40. Arterial stiffness, pressure and flow pulsatility and brain structure and function: the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility--Reykjavik study

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 63 out of 100. Brain : a journal of neurology 2011-11-01 Risk factors

    Aortic stiffness increases with age and vascular risk factor exposure and is associated with increased risk for structural and functional abnormalities in the brain.

  41. Neuroinflammation in delirium: a postmortem case-control study

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. Rejuvenation research 2011-10-06 Clinical safety

    These preliminary study results show an association between human brain activity of microglia, astrocytes, and IL-6 and delirium in elderly patients and add to the accumulating evidence that inflammatory mechanisms are involved in delirium.

  42. Long-term consequences of repetitive brain trauma: chronic traumatic encephalopathy

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 48 out of 100. PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation 2011-10-01 Prevention and risk

    Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) has been linked to participation in contact sports such as boxing and American football.

  43. Stages of granulovacuolar degeneration: their relation to Alzheimer's disease and chronic stress response

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. Acta neuropathologica 2011-09-21 Disease mechanisms

    Granulovacuolar degeneration (GVD) is characterized by the presence of vacuolar cytoplasmic lesions in nerve cells of the medial temporal lobe.

  44. Axon diodes for the reconstruction of oriented neuronal networks in microfluidic chambers

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 45 out of 100. Lab on a chip 2011-09-15 Brain scans and imaging

    Various experimental models are used to study brain development and degeneration.

  45. Baseline DBP and longitudinal increases in DBP were independently associated with a greater WMHV, and the association between DBP and WMHV was greatest among blacks.

  46. Plasma clusterin concentration is associated with longitudinal brain atrophy in mild cognitive impairment

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 64 out of 100. NeuroImage 2011-07-28 Mild cognitive impairment

    Recent genetic and proteomic studies demonstrate that clusterin/apolipoprotein-J is associated with risk, pathology, and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

  47. This statement serves as an overall guide for practitioners to gain a better understanding of VCI and dementia, prevention, and treatment.

  48. Cerebral microhemorrhage and brain β-amyloid in aging and Alzheimer disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 57 out of 100. Neurology 2011-06-22 Brain scans and imaging

    Asymptomatic Aβ deposition in older adults is strongly associated with LMH.

  49. Effects of low versus high frequencies of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on cognitive function and cortical excitability in Alzheimer's dementia

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 57 out of 100. Journal of neurology 2011-06-14 Cognitive tests and assessment

    The aim of the study was to compare the long-term efficacy of high versus low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), applied bilaterally over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), on cognitive function and cortical excitability of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

  50. Cerebral microvascular endothelium and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. Expert reviews in molecular medicine 2011-06-10 Inflammation and the immune system

    Diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) pose a significant health challenge, but despite their diversity, they share many common features and mechanisms.

From across this tag

9 of the 907 studies in this tag, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 9. The same 9 appear here every time.

All topic tags with their study counts