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Inflammation and white matter degeneration persist for years after a single traumatic brain injury
Johnson VE, Stewart JE, Begbie FD, Trojanowski JQ, Smith DH, Stewart W.. Brain : a journal of neurology, 2013-01-01
Topic: Brain proteins, microglia and lab models
A single traumatic brain injury is associated with an increased risk of dementia and, in a proportion of patients surviving a year or more from injury, the development of hallmark Alzheimer's disease-like pathologies. However, the pathological processes linking traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative disease remain poorly understood. Growing evidence supports a role for neuroinflammation in the development of Alzheimer's disease.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Johnson, V. E., Stewart, J. E., Begbie, F. D., Trojanowski, J. Q., Smith, D. H., & Stewart, W. (2013). Inflammation and white matter degeneration persist for years after a single traumatic brain injury. Brain : a journal of neurology. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/aws322
Vancouver
Johnson VE, Stewart JE, Begbie FD, Trojanowski JQ, Smith DH, Stewart W. Inflammation and white matter degeneration persist for years after a single traumatic brain injury. Brain : a journal of neurology. 2013. doi:10.1093/brain/aws322. PMID: 23365092.
BibTeX
@article{johnson2013-23365092,
author = {Johnson, V. E. and Stewart, J. E. and Begbie, F. D. and Trojanowski, J. Q. and Smith, D. H. and Stewart, W.},
title = {{Inflammation and white matter degeneration persist for years after a single traumatic brain injury}},
journal = {Brain : a journal of neurology},
year = {2013},
doi = {10.1093/brain/aws322},
pmid = {23365092},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/aws322}
}
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
Key findings
- However, the pathological processes linking traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative disease remain poorly understood.
- Growing evidence supports a role for neuroinflammation in the development of Alzheimer's disease.
- In contrast, little is known about the neuroinflammatory response to brain injury and, in particular, its temporal dynamics and any potential role in neurodegeneration.
- Cases of traumatic brain injury with survivals ranging from 10 h to 47 years post injury (n = 52) and age-matched, uninjured control subjects (n = 44) were selected from the Glasgow Traumatic Brain Injury archive.
Why it matters
In 52 cases of traumatic brain injury with survivals from 10 hours to 47 years, this study examined the neuroinflammatory response and white matter degeneration over time. It links traumatic brain injury to later dementia risk and Alzheimer's-like pathologies but reports no treatment, cure or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
Study details
- Study designlongitudinal study
- Participants52
- Evidence strengthModerate
How this study scored 70/100
Published in a leading specialty journal, and it is a longitudinal study following the same people over time. Scored zero for effect reported and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 9 / 10 | Tier 2 — leading specialty journal (Brain : a journal of neurology) |
| Journal's citation record | 4 / 4 | Brain: journal h-index 503 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 7 / 12 | A longitudinal study following the same people over time |
| Strength of evidence | 3 / 5 | Rated “moderate” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2013 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 1 / 4 | 52 participants |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 7 / 7 | Cited 1,039 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 5 / 5 | 69.3 citations a year over 15 year(s) since 2013 |
| Impact for its field and year | 6 / 6 | Cited 44.4× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 3 / 6 | Cited by 22 other studies in this library |
| Still being cited | 3 / 4 | Cited 195 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 3 / 4 | Last-listed author William B. Stewart Jr.: h-index 72 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 2 / 3 | University of Pennsylvania: institution h-index 1,859 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 1 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 3 institution(s) in 2 countries |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 23365092) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Total | 70 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
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