Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.
Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.
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From the 868 Framingham Heart Study participants who returned for a second PSG, this cohort included 346 participants with a mean age of 69 years (range, 60-87 years); 179 (52%) were female.
Why it matters
This prospective cohort study of 346 Framingham Heart Study participants found that slow-wave sleep loss with aging was associated with the risk of incident dementia. It suggests that slow-wave sleep loss may be a marker of dementia risk, but it does not show that improving sleep prevents or treats dementia.
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This study included patients with clinical SCD and SCD-free, healthy control (HC) participants with available baseline CSF and/or longitudinal cognitive data from the observational DZNE Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia study.
Why it matters
In people with subjective cognitive decline, minor deficits on neuropsychological tests were related to Alzheimer's CSF biomarkers and progression to mild cognitive impairment. This may help identify who is at higher risk earlier, but it does not test a treatment or prevention.
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The results from our meta-analysis suggest that the incidence of falls of older adults living in nursing homes is high, and the risk factors for falls are various.
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67/100
An increasing number of cardiometabolic diseases was dose-dependently associated with the decline in cognitive function score (one disease, β=-0·15 [95% CI -0·17 to -0·13]; two diseases, β=-0·37 [-0·40 to -0·34]; three diseases, β=-0·57 [-0·64 to -0·50]), with comorbid diabetes and stroke (β=-0·23 [-0·29 to -0·17]) contributing most strongly to cardiometabolic disease-associated cognitive decline.
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This cohort study found that delirium was associated with a 40% acceleration in the slope of cognitive decline out to 72 months following elective surgery.
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Low bone mineral density (BMD) and dementia commonly co-occur in older individuals, with bone loss accelerating in patients with dementia due to physical inactivity and poor nutrition.
Why it matters
This study investigated how dementia risk was affected by bone mineral density at various skeletal regions in community-dwelling older adults. It aimed to clarify whether bone loss already exists before dementia onset.
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As persons with HIV age, noninfectious comorbidities occur more frequently compared with persons without HIV.
Why it matters
This review discusses cognitive impairment in people with HIV, noting that longer untreated infection and lower CD4 counts are linked to cognitive problems, and that starting treatment early may reduce some of these effects. It does not test any treatment, cure or prevention for Alzheimer's disease specifically, and the authors note that most early-infection studies enrolled young men, so results may not apply to other groups.
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Overall, 68 studies were included in the meta-analyses.
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Poor external validity can result in inadequate treatment decision information.
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Individual conditions have been identified as risk factors for dementia; however, it is important to consider the role of multimorbidity, as conditions often co-occur.
Why it matters
Many older adults live with several health conditions at once, and this UK Biobank study asked whether having multiple conditions, and which combinations of them, is linked to later dementia, and whether a person's genetic risk changes that link. It followed women and men aged 60 or older who did not have dementia when they enrolled in 2006–2010, for up to 15 years, using conditions they reported in nurse-led interviews. It is an observational study: it can show associations, not cause and effect, and it does not test any treatment or prevention.
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Our analyses support that MNPI could improve the global cognition in older adults with MCI.
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Whether this results in an increased risk for dementia remains unclear.
Why it matters
This prospective cohort study within the Rotterdam Study investigated whether nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and fibrosis are associated with incident dementia and cognition in elderly people. It is observational, so it cannot prove that treating liver disease would prevent dementia.
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67/100
In this exploratory analysis of a US community-based cohort, several echocardiographic measures of lower LA function were significantly associated with an increased risk of subsequent dementia.
Why it matters
This cohort study found that several echocardiographic measures of lower left atrial function were associated with higher risk of dementia, while left atrial passive emptying fraction and both measures of size were not significantly associated. It is an exploratory analysis of associations and does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention.
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Among individuals who were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2, 32% (27 698 of 87 337) sought medical attention in the post-acute period for one or more new or persistent clinical sequelae, which was 11% higher than the 2020 comparison group.
Why it matters
This retrospective cohort study found that adults aged 65 and older who had SARS-CoV-2 infection had an excess risk of new or persistent health issues including dementia, compared with a 2020 comparison group. It does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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Our findings suggest that VR training is an effective treatment for both people with MCI and dementia.
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Of 6 952 440 vaccinated patients in the derivation cohort, 5 150 310 (74.1%) had two vaccine doses.
Why it matters
This cohort study examined risk of covid-19 related death and hospital admission after vaccination, and lists conditions with increased risk. It does not address treating, curing, or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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We aimed to inform planning by assessing intrinsic capacity prevalence, by characterising the target group, and by validating the general approach-testing hypotheses that DIC was consistently associated with higher risks of incident dependence and death.
Why it matters
This study found a high prevalence of intrinsic capacity deficits, especially in older age groups, and linked these deficits to higher risks of dependence and death. The findings offer some support for the strategy of optimising intrinsic capacity in pursuit of healthy ageing, but they do not test a treatment or cure for Alzheimer's disease.
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Delirium is the most common manifestation of brain dysfunction in critically ill patients.
Why it matters
This review states that in critically ill patients, longer delirium is linked to outcomes including acquired dementia, and that antipsychotics and other psychoactive medications do not reliably improve brain function in delirious patients. It recommends routine delirium screening and addressing contributing factors, but reports no treatment that cures or prevents Alzheimer's disease.
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When diagnosed, non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics may have more advanced dementia.
Why it matters
Among 3,966 adults aged 70 and older with probable dementia in the Health and Retirement Study, a missed or delayed dementia diagnosis in Medicare/Medicaid claims was more common for Hispanic (54%) and non-Hispanic Black (46%) participants than for non-Hispanic White participants (41%). The authors conclude that Black and Hispanic older adults "may" also face longer diagnosis delays and have more advanced dementia when diagnosed, and that early-diagnosis efforts should prioritise these communities. This is a comparison of groups and does not show why the gaps exist; it is about timely diagnosis, not treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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People who had recovered from COVID-19, including those no longer reporting symptoms, exhibited significant cognitive deficits versus controls when controlling for age, gender, education level, income, racial-ethnic group, pre-existing medical disorders, tiredness, depression and anxiety.
Why it matters
This cross-sectional study found that people who had recovered from COVID-19 showed significant cognitive deficits compared with controls, with larger deficits in those who had been hospitalised. It is about cognitive problems after COVID-19 and does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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Cognitive decline is a rapidly increasing public health concern.
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Head injury was associated with risk of dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3-1.57), with evidence of dose-response (1 head injury: HR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.13-1.39, 2+ head injuries: HR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.86-2.46).
Why it matters
In 14,376 middle-aged adults from the ARIC Study followed for 25 years, people with a history of head injury had a higher rate of later dementia (hazard ratio 1.44). The risk rose with the number of injuries: HR 1.25 after one and 2.14 after two or more. The link was stronger in women (1.69) than men (1.15), and in White (1.55) than Black (1.22) participants. This is an observational association with dementia of any type, not proof that head injury causes Alzheimer's or that preventing injuries prevents it.
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Aging is associated with cognitive declines leading to mild cognitive impairments or Alzheimer disease.
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Of the 7342 total sample, 4348 participants (60.3%) were women.
Why it matters
Death certificates and other vital statistics undercount how many US deaths are associated with dementia, this study of 7,342 survey participants linked to mortality records suggests. The estimated dementia mortality burden was 24.7% among non-Hispanic Black participants versus 12.2% among non-Hispanic White participants, and 16.2% among adults without a high-school diploma versus 9.8% among college graduates. It measures how deaths are counted; it does not test any treatment or explain why the groups differ.
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We developed models for individualized risk prediction of cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using plasma biomarkers of β-amyloid (Aβ), tau and neurodegeneration.
Why it matters
This study developed models to predict individual risk of cognitive decline and conversion to Alzheimer's dementia in people with mild cognitive impairment, using combinations of plasma biomarkers. It is about prognosis and prediction, not about treating, curing or preventing the disease.
From across this topic
10 of the 7,967 studies in this topic, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 10. The same 10 appear here every time.
- Meeting the mental health needs of people with the complex neurodevelopment condition, Prader-Willi syndrome: a major challenge for mental health services
- Association of Hearing Aids and Cochlear Implants With Cognitive Decline and Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
- Associations between joint air pollution exposure, mental health, and physical health and dementia incidence in an aging U.S. cohort
- The predictive validity of a Brain Care Score for dementia and stroke: data from the UK Biobank cohort
- EEG-Based Dementia Classification Using CS-EMD Synchrony Features and Quantum Machine Learning
- Developing machine learning-enhanced WHODAS 2.0 short forms for persons with dementia
- Poststroke dementia
- Impact of diagnostic disclosure in dementia on patients and carers: qualitative case series analysis
- The pathophysiology of urinary incontinence among institutionalized elderly persons
- Diabetes mellitus and risk of dementia in the Kungsholmen project: a 6-year follow-up study