Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.
Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.
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Functional imaging data indicate that the pathophysiology of schizophrenia reflects aberrant activity in, and integration of, the components of distributed circuits involving the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and certain subcortical structures.
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During mean follow-up of 2.1 (range 1.5-3.4) years, 146 incident cases of dementia were detected, of which 105 were Alzheimer's disease.
Why it matters
In this cohort, smokers had about double the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease compared with never smokers. This identifies smoking as a risk factor but does not test a treatment or cure.
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Cognitive impairment is associated with increased use of health services and increased mortality.
Why it matters
In one academic primary care practice, 15.7% of 3,954 patients aged 60+ screened positive for cognitive impairment, yet dementia was recorded for fewer than 25% of those with moderate to severe impairment. Patients whose impairment went unrecorded were significantly less likely to be checked for reversible causes. In the following year, the moderate–severe group had more hospital stays (29.1% vs 16.5%) and higher mortality (8.2% vs 2.8%), but the authors describe these as associations and say it is still untested whether better documentation would improve outcomes.
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The cognitive and behavioral effects and the safety of oxiracetam therapy during a placebo-controlled trial and the relevant follow-up up to 1 year in patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type (SDAT) and multi-infarct dementia (MID) of mild to moderate degree were studied.
Why it matters
In a 90-day placebo-controlled trial, oxiracetam improved several cognitive and daily-living test scores compared with placebo in people with mild to moderate Alzheimer's type and multi-infarct dementia. During later follow-up, some scores worsened again, so this is symptom treatment evidence, not a cure or prevention.
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End-of-life care in elderly patients with serious advanced illness sits at the intersection of patient autonomy, family involvement, clinical judgment, and resource allocation.
Why it matters
This 24-month cohort study of 358 elderly patients with serious advanced illness found that comprehensive advance care planning was linked to fewer ICU deaths and more preference-concordant care. It concerns end-of-life care planning, not treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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In the cohort analyses, 891 incident dementia cases were identified over 166,762 person-years.
Why it matters
In three cohorts plus a meta-analysis, eating more healthful plant foods was linked to lower dementia risk, while unhealthful plant-based diets were linked to higher risk. These are observational associations, so they support dietary recommendations but cannot prove that changing diet directly prevents dementia.
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No significant association was found between MHT use and risk of mild cognitive impairment or dementia.
Why it matters
This meta-analysis found no significant association between menopause hormone therapy use and risk of mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Subgroup analyses by timing, duration and type of therapy also showed no significant effects.
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Higher adherence to the MedDiet was associated with greater gut microbial diversity (p < 0.05) and distinct microbial composition (PERMANOVA, p = 0.001).
Why it matters
In this six-year study of older adults at risk of cognitive decline, greater Mediterranean diet adherence was linked to a more favorable gut microbe profile and slower cognitive decline. It is an observational cohort study, so it cannot prove that the diet causes the slower decline, and external validation is still needed.
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Delirium is an acute change in cognition, common in hospitalized older adults, and associated with high healthcare and human cost; however, delirium's genetic and proteomic background remains poorly understood.
Why it matters
This genetic meta-analysis found the APOE gene to be a strong delirium risk factor independent of dementia, and identified five delirium genetic risk loci through multi-trait analysis with Alzheimer disease. Combining proteins, APOE-ε4 status, and demographics improved prediction of incident delirium compared with demographics alone.
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Among eligible participants (n = 705,061), 264,294 individuals (37.5% of eligible participants) initiated any statin during 2001-2010 ("initiators"), of whom 249,613 (94.4%) were matched with 255,937 unique noninitiators to create the analytic sample (322,358 unique participants; mean age at baseline = 67.4 years; 55.1% female).
Why it matters
This emulated trial found that statin initiation was not associated with Alzheimer's disease or related dementias after the first year of follow-up. Diagnoses were elevated in the first year after starting statins, which the study design suggests may reflect detection rather than a true effect.
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66/100
Despite remarkable progress in the biomarker field in recent years, local validation of plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dementia is still lacking in Latin America.
Why it matters
In this small Brazilian cohort of 145 elderly participants, plasma pTau217 showed excellent performance in determining CSF biomarker status, alone or as a ratio to Aβ42. The authors describe this as an initial step toward local validation and adoption of dementia biomarkers in Brazil.
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We included 18740 patients (10 205 women [54.5%]; mean [SD] age, 78.2[7.4] years), of which 4271 (22.8%) received at least one prescription for an antidepressant.
Why it matters
In this cohort of patients with dementia, antidepressant use was associated with faster cognitive decline, and higher dispensed doses of SSRIs were linked to higher risk of severe dementia, fractures, and all-cause mortality. These findings highlight the need for careful and regular monitoring of the risks and benefits of different antidepressants in patients with dementia.
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The overall adherence rate to MI was 84.7%.
Why it matters
In this randomized trial of people with mild cognitive impairment, a multidomain intervention produced significantly greater cognitive improvement than the control group at 24 weeks, in both APOE ε4 carriers and noncarriers. It shows short-term cognitive benefit in MCI but does not demonstrate prevention or cure of Alzheimer's disease.
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66/100
= 0.04). Replacing 1 serving per day of nuts and legumes for processed red meat was associated with a 19% lower risk of dementia (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.75-0.86), 1.37 fewer years of cognitive aging (95% CI -2.49 to -0.25), and a 21% lower risk of SCD (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.68-0.92).
Why it matters
This cohort study found that higher intake of red meat, especially processed red meat, was associated with higher dementia risk and worse cognition, and that replacing processed red meat with nuts and legumes was linked to lower dementia risk. These are observational associations, so they do not prove that changing red meat intake prevents dementia.
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From October 2018 to March 2020, 58 participants were recruited (29 per group, 95% [86%-99%]).
Why it matters
This small trial found that randomly assigning people with mild cognitive impairment to a personalised hearing intervention versus control is feasible, with most intervention participants reporting daily hearing aid use. It did not test whether hearing aids reduce dementia risk and supports proceeding to a larger trial.
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Our findings showed significant associations between hearing and vision impairments and increased risks of all-cause and cause-specific dementia.
Why it matters
This study combining cohort data, meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization found that hearing impairment and vision impairment were associated with higher dementia risk, and dual sensory impairment with even higher risk. The findings suggest that addressing sensory impairments may be relevant to dementia risk, but they do not prove that treating them prevents dementia.
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These findings indicate that AWV recipients had a timelier first MCI diagnosis than those who did not receive an AWV, but first ADRD diagnosis differed little.
Why it matters
Among Medicare beneficiaries, receiving an annual wellness visit was associated with a 21% increase in MCI diagnosis and a 4% increase in ADRD diagnosis. The authors say early recognition of cognitive impairment is key to optimal dementia care.
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In this cohort study, high adherence to a flavonoid-rich diet score was associated with a lower risk of dementia, with reductions more pronounced in individuals with a high genetic risk, hypertension, and depressive symptoms.
Why it matters
This UK Biobank cohort found that a higher flavonoid-rich food score was linked to lower dementia risk, including in people at high genetic risk. Being observational, it shows an association and cannot prove that these foods prevent dementia.
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This expert commission synthesized decades of population-level (observational) research to estimate how much dementia risk could theoretically be reduced by addressing 14 modifiable risk factors across life, from childhood education to late-life social isolation.
Why it matters
This commission estimated that roughly 45% of dementia cases worldwide are theoretically attributable to 14 combined modifiable risk factors and could potentially be prevented or delayed, adding high midlife LDL cholesterol and untreated vision loss since the 2020 report. These are population attributable fraction estimates from observational data, not proof that fixing any single factor in any single person will prevent their dementia.
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Physical exercise and cognitive and social enrichment activities can enhance cognitive function in patients with chronic stroke, but their cost-effectiveness compared with a balance and tone program is uncertain.
Why it matters
In this economic evaluation of 120 people with chronic stroke, a multicomponent exercise program was more effective and costlier than a balance and tone control for cognitive improvement over 6 months. The findings suggest exercise has potential for cost-effectiveness in improving cognitive function in older adults with chronic stroke.
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Epidemiological evidence regarding the association between atrial fibrillation (AF) onset age and risk of incident dementia remains unexplored.
Why it matters
This prospective UK Biobank cohort study of 433,746 participants examined whether the age at atrial fibrillation diagnosis is associated with incident dementia and its subtypes. It is an observational study, so it cannot prove that treating atrial fibrillation prevents dementia.
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New PRSs for dementia significantly improve risk-prediction performance, but still account for less risk than APOE genotype overall.
Why it matters
New polygenic risk scores were associated with incident dementia and slightly improved risk prediction beyond conventional factors and APOE, while an older score did not. However, the new scores still accounted for less risk than APOE genotype overall.
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PSCI is common after stroke, especially in the first year, and ranges from mild to severe.
Why it matters
After a stroke, thinking and memory problems are common, especially in the first year, and can range from mild to severe. This scientific statement, based on a scoping review of trials, cohort studies and guidelines, reports that some early problems improve but that "up to one-third of individuals with stroke develop dementia within 5 years". It stresses that these problems affect a person's ability to work, live independently, keep relationships and drive.
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A substantial proportion of the relationship between education and dementia was mediated through mid-life vascular risk factors.
Why it matters
This cohort study of 13,368 older adults found that more education was associated with 8 to 44% lower risk of dementia in a dose-response pattern, with up to 25% of the association mediated through mid-life vascular risk factors. It suggests that education and mid-life vascular health may be linked to lower dementia risk, but it does not show a treatment or cure.
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Future work should incorporate clinicians to validate explanation methods and make conclusive inferences about dementia-related disease pathology.
Why it matters
This review of 92 studies found that interpretable machine learning for dementia shows promising classification performance but varies in validation and reporting and relies heavily on popular data sets. It identifies needs for clinician involvement and patient-specific explanations, and reports nothing about treating, curing, or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
From across this topic
10 of the 7,967 studies in this topic, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 10. The same 10 appear here every time.
- Admissions to High‐Quality Nursing Homes from Community: Racial Differences and Medicaid Policy Effects
- Quality of life after stroke: the North East Melbourne Stroke Incidence Study (NEMESIS)
- Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in medical practice: a critical review of the concept and new diagnostic procedure. Report of the MCI Working Group of the European Consortium on Alzheimer's Disease
- Inflammageing: chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty
- Study of Mental Activity and Regular Training (SMART) in at risk individuals: a randomised double blind, sham controlled, longitudinal trial
- Mental exercises for cognitive function: clinical evidence
- Dementia is an age-independent risk factor for severity and death in COVID-19 inpatients
- Long‐Term Incidence of Dementia Following Transient Ischemic Attack: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
- Executive function and instrumental activities of daily living in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
- Virtual Environment Grocery Store