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Association of Bone Mineral Density and Dementia: The Rotterdam Study
Xiao T, Ghatan S, Mooldijk SS, Trajanoska K, Oei L, Gomez MM, Ikram MK, Rivadeneira F et al.. Neurology, 2023-03-22
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
Plain-language summary
Background and objectives Low bone mineral density (BMD) and dementia commonly co-occur in older individuals, with bone loss accelerating in patients with dementia due to physical inactivity and poor nutrition. However, uncertainty persists over the extent to which bone loss already exists before onset of dementia. Therefore, we investigated how dementia risk was affected by BMD at various skeletal regions in community-dwelling older adults.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Xiao, T., Ghatan, S., Mooldijk, S. S., Trajanoska, K., Oei, L., Gomez, M. M., et al. (2023). Association of Bone Mineral Density and Dementia: The Rotterdam Study. Neurology. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000207220
Vancouver
Xiao T, Ghatan S, Mooldijk SS, Trajanoska K, Oei L, Gomez MM, et al. Association of Bone Mineral Density and Dementia: The Rotterdam Study. Neurology. 2023. doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000207220. PMID: 36948596.
BibTeX
@article{xiao2023-36948596,
author = {Xiao, T. and Ghatan, S. and Mooldijk, S. S. and Trajanoska, K. and Oei, L. and Gomez, M. M. and Ikram, M. K. and Rivadeneira, F. and others},
title = {{Association of Bone Mineral Density and Dementia: The Rotterdam Study}},
journal = {Neurology},
year = {2023},
doi = {10.1212/wnl.0000000000207220},
pmid = {36948596},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000207220}
}
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Key findings
- However, uncertainty persists over the extent to which bone loss already exists before onset of dementia.
- Therefore, we investigated how dementia risk was affected by BMD at various skeletal regions in community-dwelling older adults.
- Methods In a prospective population-based cohort study, BMD at the femoral neck, lumbar spine, and total body and the trabecular bone score (TBS) were obtained using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 3,651 participants free from dementia between 2002 and 2005.
- Persons at risk of dementia were followed up until January 1, 2020.
Why it matters
This study investigated how dementia risk was affected by bone mineral density at various skeletal regions in community-dwelling older adults. It aimed to clarify whether bone loss already exists before dementia onset.
Study details
- Study designcohort study
- Participants3,651
- Effect size57.9%; 18.8%; 76.7%
- Evidence strengthModerate
How this study scored 67/100
Published in a leading specialty journal, and it is a cohort study following people over time. Scored zero for randomized / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 9 / 10 | Tier 2 — leading specialty journal (Neurology) |
| Journal's citation record | 4 / 4 | Neurology: journal h-index 525 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 7 / 12 | A cohort study following people over time |
| Strength of evidence | 3 / 5 | Rated “moderate” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 3 / 5 | 2023 — within 6 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 3 / 4 | 3,651 participants |
| Effect reported | 2 / 3 | Effect reported as a number, without an interval or test |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomized / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 4 / 7 | Cited 46 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 3 / 5 | 9.2 citations a year over 5 year(s) since 2023 |
| Impact for its field and year | 4 / 6 | Cited 8.3× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 1 / 6 | Cited by 1 other studies in this library |
| Still being cited | 2 / 4 | Cited 39 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 4 / 4 | Last-listed author M. Arfan Ikram: h-index 167 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 1 / 3 | Erasmus MC: institution h-index 1,321 (OpenAlex) |
| Multicenter collaboration | 0 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 1 institution(s) in 1 country — scores zero (affiliation lists can be incomplete) |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 36948596) |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Total | 67 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
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Full text: free to read — OpenAlex lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 6 Feb 1020).
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