Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.
Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.
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In MDD, the packing density of glia, pyramidal neurons, and granule cell neurons is significantly increased in all hippocampal subfields and the dentate gyrus, and pyramidal neuron soma size is significantly decreased as well.
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Atlas normalization, as commonly used by functional data analysis, provides an automated solution to the widely encountered problem of correcting for head size variation in regional and whole-brain morphometric analyses, so long as an age- and population-appropriate target atlas is used.
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been suggested as a useful tool in early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Rates of hippocampal volume loss have been shown to distinguish subjects with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) from nondemented controls.
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Ninety-seven men (incidence rate: 14.4/1,000) and 183 women (Incidence rate: 19.0/1,000) developed dementia during 8 years of follow-up.
Why it matters
In this study, depressive symptoms raised the risk of later dementia in older men but not in older women. The authors suggest that depression in older men might reflect a form of vascular depression linked to cerebral vascular pathology, which could speed up the onset of dementia symptoms.
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Since 1994, a population-based study of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) in The Netherlands has aimed to ascertain all patients with FTD, and first prevalence estimates based on 74 patients were reported in 1998.
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To determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia in a multi-ethnic community, we examined a population sample of 2,759 elderly (65 years of age and older) African American, Hispanic-Cuban and white non-Hispanic men and women of Dade County, Florida.
Why it matters
In 2,759 adults aged 65+ in Dade County, Florida, estimated Alzheimer's prevalence among African American men was more than two and a half times that of white non-Hispanic men (14.4% vs 5.4%), and among white non-Hispanics it was twice as high in women as in men (10.9% vs 5.4%). Age, family history of AD and African American or Cuban ethnicity were each independently associated with AD prevalence. The authors note that estimates for Cuban men and African American women were unstable because the screening test performed poorly in those groups, and the design shows associations, not causes.
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Cessation of life-support treatment is an appropriate option for situations in which the burdens of therapy substantially outweigh the benefits.
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Performance on a brief cognitive screen on admission was strongly related to subsequent change in function.
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The risk of incident dementia is high among patients with ischemic stroke, particularly in association with intercurrent medical illnesses that might cause cerebral hypoxia or ischemia, suggesting that cerebral hypoperfusion may serve as a basis for some cases of dementia after stroke.
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Adequate assistance must be given to women caregivers to ensure that they are not strained beyond what is clinically healthy.
Why it matters
Among 327 informal dementia caregivers, women reported significantly higher burden than men, but the difference in high depressive symptoms was not significant. This means female caregivers may face greater burden, while poor caregiver health and patient behavior problems were linked to both burden and depression.
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The authors examined change in cognitive abilities in older Catholic clergy members.
Why it matters
Followed older Catholic clergy members for up to 6 years with yearly testing of 7 cognitive abilities. Abilities declined on average, faster in older people, but with wide individual differences at all ages, and the authors suggest change in old age mainly reflects person-specific factors rather than an inevitable developmental process.
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Visual hallucinations are common symptoms in Parkinson's disease and are most likely of multifactorial origin.
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The case story of a 47-year-old man with advanced rectal carcinoma illustrates the professional services and care system strategies available to help clinicians serve patients coming to the end of life.
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Assessments of hippocampal volume and shape derived from HDBM may be useful in distinguishing early DAT from healthy aging.
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Despite the theoretical rationale for the superiority of entorhinal measurements in early AD, the authors found MRI measurements of the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex were approximately equivalent at intergroup discrimination.
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Dementia was the most common presentation of CBGD in this study.
Why it matters
This study of 13 patients with pathologically confirmed cortical-basal ganglionic degeneration found that dementia was the most common presentation. It is a small case series and does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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Eleven patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) were selected from an initial cohort of 43 patients.
Why it matters
This small pilot study compared cognitive test patterns in 11 patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus and patients with Alzheimer's disease. It is a preliminary comparison of two different conditions and does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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Impaired exercise tolerance during formal testing is predictive of perioperative complications.
Why it matters
This study found that patients reporting poor exercise tolerance had more perioperative complications, but it does not address dementia or Alzheimer's disease. It is not relevant to treating, curing, or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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There is a consistent pattern of vulnerability to LB formation across subcortical, paralimbic, and neocortical structures that is similar for DLB cases with or without concomitant AD.
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To determine whether the medial temporal lobe is atrophic in subjects with mild cognitive impairment, and whether atrophy of this structure is a better predictor of dementia than memory dysfunction.
Why it matters
In 20 older adults with mild memory and thinking problems ("minimal dementia") followed for 3 years, nine developed Alzheimer's disease. A memory test score was "the best predictor of clinical outcome", and adding MRI measures of the brain's memory region (the medial temporal lobe) improved prediction by catching cases the memory score missed. The authors caution that "the absence of medial temporal lobe atrophy ... does not exclude the development of dementia". This is a small prediction study with no accuracy figures in the record, not a treatment or prevention study.
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A substantial minority of patients with dementia exhibit physically aggressive behavior, and this aggression is strongly linked with the presence of depressive symptoms.
Why it matters
This study found that physically aggressive behavior in community-residing patients with dementia was strongly linked with the presence of depressive symptoms. The authors suggest that identifying and treating depression in dementia may be a means of preventing and managing physically aggressive behavior, but this was not directly tested.
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Complex visual hallucinations may affect some normal individuals on going to sleep and are also seen in pathological states, often in association with a sleep disturbance.
Why it matters
This paper proposes three mechanisms for complex visual hallucinations, including brainstem effects on cholinergic and serotonergic pathways that may also be involved in Parkinson's disease. It is a mechanistic discussion of hallucinations, not a study of treating, curing, or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Our results suggest that different subcortical areas have different vulnerabilities to ischemia in CADASIL.
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The results confirm that unilateral parkinsonism unresponsive to levodopa and limb ideomotor apraxia are the clinical hallmarks of corticobasal degeneration, and only a minority of patients with corticobasal degeneration present with dementia.
Why it matters
This report describes the natural history and survival of 14 patients with corticobasal degeneration confirmed at autopsy, finding that most did not respond dramatically to levodopa and only a minority presented with dementia. It is a small descriptive study of a related disorder, not a test of any treatment, cure, or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
From across this topic
10 of the 7,967 studies in this topic, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 10. The same 10 appear here every time.
- Giving words new life: generalization of word retraining outcomes in semantic dementia
- The lifetime accumulation of multimorbidity and its influence on dementia risk: a UK Biobank study
- How Would Hospice Use Differ if Every Medicare Beneficiary Were in Medicare Advantage?
- Relationship between white matter hyperintensities, cortical thickness, and cognition
- BRAIN-Diabetes: a randomised trial to test the feasibility of an adapted FINGER multidomain intervention in adults with type 2 diabetes living in rural border regions of Ireland
- Despite Recommendations, Anticholinergics Account for the Majority of Prescriptions to Treat Overactive Bladder in the United States
- Development and External Validation of a Mortality Prediction Model for Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Dementia
- A review of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cognitive impairment
- Cardiovascular risk factors and cerebral atrophy in a middle-aged cohort
- Ultraprocessed Foods and the Risk of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Older US Adults: 2013-2020 Health and Retirement Study