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44/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 44 out of 100. Risk factors

Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies

The association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cognitive impairment represents a critical public health concern, particularly against the backdrop of the rising global prevalence of diabetes and aging populations. Accumulating evidence indicates that T2DM is linked to declines in multiple cognitive domains, which may progress to cognitive impairment or even dementia. This cognitive impairment arises from complex interactions among insulin resistance, chronic inflammatory responses, vascular injury and microangiopathy and oxidative stress. Clinical studies suggest that strict glycemic control combined with behavioral and lifestyle interventions may delay cognitive decline, though their long-term efficacy requires further evidence-based validation. Future research should leverage multi-omics technologies to identify early biomarkers for T2DM-related cognitive impairment, elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms, identify specific therapeutic targets, and develop personalized intervention strategies. This review systematically examines the epidemiological correlations, pathophysiological mechanisms, and advances in clinical management of T2DM-related cognitive disorders, with the aim of providing a theoretical foundation for early prevention and targeted treatment.

Key findings

Accumulating evidence indicates that T2DM is linked to declines in multiple cognitive domains, which may progress to cognitive impairment or even dementia.
Clinical studies suggest that strict glycemic control combined with behavioral and lifestyle interventions may delay cognitive decline, though their long-term efficacy requires further evidence-based validation.

Why it matters

This review reports that type 2 diabetes is linked to cognitive decline that may progress to dementia, through mechanisms including insulin resistance, inflammation, vascular injury and oxidative stress. It notes that strict blood sugar control plus lifestyle changes may delay cognitive decline, but says longer-term evidence is still needed.

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Study details

Evidence strengthLow

How this study scored 44/100

Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	7 / 10	Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Frontiers in Endocrinology)
Journal's citation record	2 / 4	Frontiers in Endocrinology: journal h-index 198 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29)
Study design	0 / 12	No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Strength of evidence	1 / 5	Rated “low” in our summary
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	4 / 5	2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size	0 / 4	Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Effect reported	0 / 3	No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Studied in people	0 / 3	Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Randomised / blinded	0 / 2	No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited	4 / 7	Cited 47 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10)
Citations per year	3 / 5	15.7 citations a year over 3 year(s) since 2025
Impact for its field and year	5 / 6	Cited 29.9× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI)
Cited by studies here	0 / 6	No other study in this library cites it
Still being cited	2 / 4	Cited 47 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex)
Senior author's track record	1 / 4	Last-listed author Lili Xu: h-index 15 (OpenAlex, whole career)
Institution's track record	0 / 3	Qingdao University: institution h-index 430 (OpenAlex)
Multi-centre collaboration	1 / 3	OpenAlex lists 2 institution(s) in 1 country
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 40831951)
Free to read	2 / 2	Free to read
Total	44 / 100	—

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Read the original

Full text: free to read — OpenAlex lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 6 Feb 1020).

Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris

Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. Check the citation against the original before you use it.

APA 7th

Kan, W., Qu, M., Wang, Y., Zhang, X., & Xu, L. (2025). A review of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cognitive impairment. Frontiers in Endocrinology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1624472

Vancouver

Kan W, Qu M, Wang Y, Zhang X, Xu L. A review of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cognitive impairment. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2025. doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1624472. PMID: 40831951.

BibTeX

@article{kan2025-40831951,
  author  = {Kan, Wen and Qu, Meijie and Wang, Yunyang and Zhang, Xianjun and Xu, Lili},
  title   = {{A review of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cognitive impairment}},
  journal = {Frontiers in Endocrinology},
  year    = {2025},
  doi     = {10.3389/fendo.2025.1624472},
  pmid    = {40831951},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1624472}
}

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