Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.
Download bibliography of all 8,018 studies, highest score first: BibTeX (.bib) · RIS (.ris)
Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.
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MoCA test better meets the criteria for screening tests for the detection of MCI among patients over 60 years of age than MMSE.
Why it matters
This meta-analysis found that the Montreal Cognitive Assessment detected mild cognitive impairment better than the Mini-Mental State Examination at a cut-off point of 24/25. It is about screening and diagnosis, not about treating, curing, or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Delirium occurred in more than one out of five patients in acute and rehabilitation hospital wards.
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The number of patients surviving with congenital heart disease (CHD) has soared over the last 3 decades.
Why it matters
In people with congenital heart disease, acquired cardiovascular conditions as they age can be expected to affect cerebral blood flow, brain volumes, and dementia similarly to the general population. Cardiovascular disease may also harm achievement, executive function, memory, language, social interactions, and quality of life.
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The global burden of ischaemic strokes is almost 4-fold greater than haemorrhagic strokes.
Why it matters
This review reports that 25-30% of ischaemic stroke survivors develop immediate or delayed vascular cognitive impairment or vascular dementia. It states that elucidating the mechanisms of dementia after stroke injury will enable the establishment of effective treatments.
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Identifying nutrition- and lifestyle-based risk factors for cognitive impairment and dementia may aid future primary prevention efforts.
Why it matters
This study examined whether serum vitamin D levels are associated with incident all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, MRI markers of brain aging and neuropsychological function. It is observational and does not show that taking vitamin D prevents dementia.
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This study shows that a minority of Dutch physicians find it conceivable that they would grant a request for EAS from a patient with psychiatric disease, dementia or a patient who is tired of living.
Why it matters
In this survey of Dutch physicians, only a minority said they could conceive of granting a request for euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide in patients with psychiatric disease, early-stage dementia, advanced dementia or who were tired of living. It describes physicians' views and does not test any treatment, cure or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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We found a 2- to 3-fold geographical variation in dementia odds in Sweden, after twin random effects-likely to capture genetic and shared environmental variance-were removed.
Why it matters
This study found a 2- to 3-fold geographical variation in dementia odds in Sweden after twin random effects were removed, and substantial variation by adulthood in Scotland. It suggests that most of this variation is likely due to unshared environmental factors acting in adolescence or later, and that if these factors could be optimized, dementia rates could be halved.
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We developed and validated the Mini-Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (M-ACE) in dementia patients.
Why it matters
Researchers developed and validated the Mini-Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination, a five-item test, in dementia patients and compared it with the Mini Mental State Examination. This is a test development study and does not address treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Multiple CMBs or mixed CMBs independently showed higher risk of all-cause dementia.
Why it matters
In this cohort of people with vascular risk factors, having multiple or mixed cerebral microbleeds was linked to a higher risk of later dementia, while overall microbleeds or strictly lobar microbleeds were not. This is an observational finding and does not show that treating microbleeds prevents dementia.
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54/100
CKD is independently related to the risk of all-cause dementia in patients with vascular risk factors.
Why it matters
In this Japanese cohort, chronic kidney disease at baseline was associated with increased risk of all-cause dementia even after adjusting for MRI findings and other factors. It is an observational study and does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention.
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Cross-sectional observational study.
Why it matters
This cross-sectional study compared the validity of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment with standard neuropsychological testing in people with mild Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment. It is about a screening tool, not about treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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54/100
This study does not support a protective effect of bilingualism on age-related cognitive decline or the development of dementia.
Why it matters
In 1,067 Spanish-speaking Hispanic immigrants in northern Manhattan, followed for up to 23 years, bilinguals scored higher on memory and executive function at the start. However, bilingualism was not independently linked to how fast thinking declined or to developing dementia (282 people did), whether it was measured by self-report or an English reading test. The authors conclude that bilingualism here tracks "higher educational attainment and may not represent a unique source of cognitive reserve". This is one community study, and other research has reported later diagnosis in bilinguals.
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The area under the time-dependent ROC curve (AUC) may be used to quantify the ability of a marker to predict the onset of a clinical outcome in the future.
Why it matters
This paper describes a statistical method for comparing how well markers predict the onset of an outcome such as dementia when death is a competing risk. It is a methods paper and provides no evidence about treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Dementia and gait impairments often coexist in older adults and patients with neurodegenerative disease.
Why it matters
This review of existing studies reports that walking depends on cognitive abilities such as attention, executive function, visuospatial skills, and memory, not just automatic movement. It does not test any treatment or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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Significant progress has been made uncovering functional brain networks, yet little is known about the corresponding structural covariance networks.
Why it matters
Using cross-sectional and longitudinal imaging datasets, this study found that structural covariance of the default network declined in healthy and pathological aging, most in Alzheimer's disease and in those who progressed from mild cognitive impairment. It describes brain changes over aging and disease and does not test any treatment, cure or prevention.
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Executive function was associated with falls and gait speed slowing in older adults.
Why it matters
This review found that poor executive function was linked to increased fall risk and slower gait speed in older adults. It concerns falls and walking, not treating or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Worldwide costs of dementia are enormous and distributed inequitably.
Why it matters
This study estimated that dementia cost the world US$604 billion in 2010, with about 70% of that falling in western Europe and North America. In those high-income regions, unpaid family care and paid social care made up similar shares of the cost and direct medical costs were much lower; in low- and middle-income countries, unpaid care made up most of it. It is a one-year cost estimate and tests no treatment, and the authors saw "considerable potential" for costs to rise.
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The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act added a new Medicare benefit, the Annual Wellness Visit (AWV), effective January 1, 2011.
Why it matters
These Alzheimer's Association recommendations provide primary care physicians with an algorithm for detecting cognitive impairment during the Medicare Annual Wellness Visit. Widespread use of the algorithm could be a first step in reducing missed or delayed dementia diagnosis, allowing better healthcare management, but it is not a treatment, cure, or prevention.
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Our study suggests that slow gait precedes cognitive decline.
Why it matters
In this population-based study of cognitively normal older adults, faster gait speed at baseline was associated with less cognitive decline over time, while baseline cognition did not predict changes in gait speed. It suggests slow gait may help predict cognitive decline but does not test any treatment, cure or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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Cognitive impairment is a frequent feature of COPD.
Why it matters
This preliminary study of 45 patients with moderate to severe COPD examined how common mild cognitive impairment was and whether the MMSE or MoCA could detect it. It is a small screening study and does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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54/100
Dementia is one of the most common and important aspects of Parkinson's disease and has consequences for patients and caregivers, and has health-related costs.
Why it matters
This review states that the mechanisms of dementia in Parkinson's disease are only partly known and no mechanism-based treatments are available, with rivastigmine the only licensed treatment. It concerns Parkinson's disease dementia, not the treatment, cure or prevention of Alzheimer's disease.
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Studies have shown that donepezil could reduce the AD assessment scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog) score in MCI patients and improve the patient's attention and speed of response; however, it also has many side effects.
Why it matters
Both a Chinese medicine and donepezil improved cognitive scores from baseline in people with amnestic mild cognitive impairment, with no significant difference between the two groups. Donepezil caused more insomnia, nausea and diarrhea than the Chinese medicine.
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Patterns of dementia are known to fall into dissociated but dispersed brain networks, suggesting that the disease is transmitted along neuronal pathways rather than by proximity.
Why it matters
This modelling study proposes that dementia spreads along the brain's connectivity network rather than by proximity, and its predictions matched MRI data from 18 Alzheimer's and 18 frontotemporal dementia subjects. It is a mathematical model for understanding and predicting disease progression, not a treatment, cure or prevention.
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54/100
Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a neurodegenerative syndrome that is characterised by progressive decline in visuospatial, visuoperceptual, literacy, and praxic skills.
Why it matters
This review explains that posterior cortical atrophy is usually caused by Alzheimer's disease but can have other causes, and that diagnosis is inconsistent. It highlights the need for better diagnostic agreement and research design, but reports no treatment, cure or prevention.
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Most studies investigating the genetics of dementia have focused on Alzheimer disease, but little is known about the genetics of vascular dementia.
Why it matters
This study looked for genes linked to vascular dementia, a form of dementia that has been studied far less than Alzheimer's disease. It identified 67 people who developed vascular dementia among 5700 dementia-free individuals, and the findings are an early step toward understanding whether genes play a role in this condition.
From across this topic
10 of the 7,967 studies in this topic, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 10. The same 10 appear here every time.
- Glial cells in dementia: From cellular dysfunction to therapeutic frontiers
- Main morbidities recorded in the women's international study of long duration oestrogen after menopause (WISDOM): a randomised controlled trial of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women
- Geographical Variation in Opioid Use in Elderly Patients with Dementia: A Nationwide Study
- Associations of socioeconomic status and healthy lifestyle with incident early-onset and late-onset dementia: a prospective cohort study
- Incidence of dementia: does gender make a difference?
- Self-Reported Hearing Aid Use and Risk of Incident Dementia
- Association Between Dietary Habits in Midlife With Dementia Incidence Over a 20-Year Period
- Clinical Presentation of COVID19 in Dementia Patients
- Sex and gender differences in caregiving burden experienced by family caregivers of persons with dementia: A systematic review
- Exploring Differential Perceptions and Barriers to Advance Care Planning in Dementia among Asian Patient-Caregiver Dyads-A Mixed-Methods Study