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Relationship between Fried's frailty phenotype and oral frailty in long-term care residents
Hiltunen K, Saarela RKT, Kautiainen H, Roitto HM, Pitkälä KH, Mäntylä P.. Age and ageing, 2021-11-01
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
Background oral frailty (OFr) may be called a syndrome lacking a consensus on its definition. Objective the aim was to prove the relationship between OFr to the phenotype of frailty, general health and nutrition in long-term care. Design the FINnish ORAL Health Study in Long-Term Care study is a cross-sectional clinical research comprising findings on oral and general health and nutrition. Setting participants were divided into groups according to the number of OFr signs: Group 1 (0-1 sign), Group 2 (2-4 signs) and Group 3 (5-6 signs). Subjects the study includes data on 349 older residents of long-term care facilities in Helsinki, Finland. Methods frailty status was defined according to Fried's frailty phenotype. OFr was evaluated with six signs: dry mouth, diet of pureed or soft food, residue of food on oral surfaces, unclear speech, inability to keep mouth open during the clinical oral examination and pain expression during the examination. Results a significant linear relationship across the OFr groups with Fried's frailty phenotype was found (P for linearity = 0.008, adjusted by gender and age). A linear trend existed between OFr groups and general health; prevalence of dementia and malnutrition increased from Group 1 to Group 3. The need for help with eating and oral hygiene procedures increased from Group 1 to Group 3. Moreover, OFr had a linear relationship with chewing and swallowing difficulties. Conclusions OFr is related to Fried's frailty phenotype, general health, nutrition and need for help with daily activities.
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APA 7th
Hiltunen, K., Saarela, R. K. T., Kautiainen, H., Roitto, H. M., Pitkälä, K. H., & Mäntylä, P. (2021). Relationship between Fried's frailty phenotype and oral frailty in long-term care residents. Age and ageing. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afab177
Vancouver
Hiltunen K, Saarela RKT, Kautiainen H, Roitto HM, Pitkälä KH, Mäntylä P. Relationship between Fried's frailty phenotype and oral frailty in long-term care residents. Age and ageing. 2021. doi:10.1093/ageing/afab177. PMID: 34473831.
BibTeX
@article{hiltunen2021-34473831,
author = {Hiltunen, K. and Saarela, R. K. T. and Kautiainen, H. and Roitto, H. M. and Pitkälä, K. H. and Mäntylä, P.},
title = {{Relationship between Fried's frailty phenotype and oral frailty in long-term care residents}},
journal = {Age and ageing},
year = {2021},
doi = {10.1093/ageing/afab177},
pmid = {34473831},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afab177}
}
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Key findings
- Results a significant linear relationship across the OFr groups with Fried's frailty phenotype was found (P for linearity = 0.008, adjusted by gender and age).
Why it matters
This cross-sectional study of 349 long-term care residents found a significant linear relationship between signs of oral frailty and Fried's frailty phenotype, with dementia prevalence increasing across oral frailty groups. It is about oral health and frailty in long-term care, not about treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Study details
- Study designcross-sectional
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 49/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a snapshot of people at one point in time. Scored zero for sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Age and ageing) |
| Journal's citation record | 2 / 4 | Age and Ageing: journal h-index 231 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 4 / 12 | A snapshot of people at one point in time |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 3 / 5 | 2021 — within 6 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomized / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 4 / 7 | Cited 72 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 3 / 5 | 10.3 citations a year over 7 year(s) since 2021 |
| Impact for its field and year | 3 / 6 | Cited 4.6× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 0 / 6 | No other study in this library cites it |
| Still being cited | 3 / 4 | Cited 54 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 2 / 4 | Last-listed author Päivi Mäntylä: h-index 38 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 1 / 3 | University of Helsinki: institution h-index 1,201 (OpenAlex) |
| Multicenter collaboration | 2 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 6 institution(s) in 1 country |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 34473831) |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Total | 49 / 100 | — |
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