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Black and White individuals differ in dementia prevalence, risk factors, and symptomatic presentation
Lennon JC, Aita SL, Bene VAD, Rhoads T, Resch ZJ, Eloi JM, Walker KA.. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2021-12-02
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
Introduction Although dementia prevalence differs by race, it remains unclear whether cognition and neuropsychiatric symptom severity differ between Black and White individuals with dementia. Methods Using National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) data, we evaluated dementia prevalence in non-Hispanic Black and White participants and compared their clinicodemographic characteristics. We examined race differences in cognition, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and functional abilities in participants with dementia using multivariable linear and logistic regression models. Results We included 5,700 Black and 31,225 White participants across 39 Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers. Of these, 1,528 (27%) Black and 11,267 (36%) White participants had dementia diagnoses. Despite having lower dementia prevalence, risk factors were more prevalent among Black participants. Black participants with dementia showed greater cognitive deficits, neuropsychiatric symptoms/severity, and functional dependence. Discussion Despite lower dementia prevalence, Black participants with dementia had more dementia risk factors, as well as greater cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric symptom severity than White participants.
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APA 7th
Lennon, J. C., Aita, S. L., Bene, V. A. D., Rhoads, T., Resch, Z. J., Eloi, J. M., et al. (2022). Black and White individuals differ in dementia prevalence, risk factors, and symptomatic presentation. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12509
Vancouver
Lennon JC, Aita SL, Bene VAD, Rhoads T, Resch ZJ, Eloi JM, et al. Black and White individuals differ in dementia prevalence, risk factors, and symptomatic presentation. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association. 2022. doi:10.1002/alz.12509. PMID: 34854531.
BibTeX
@article{lennon2022-34854531,
author = {Lennon, J. C. and Aita, S. L. and Bene, V. A. D. and Rhoads, T. and Resch, Z. J. and Eloi, J. M. and Walker, K. A.},
title = {{Black and White individuals differ in dementia prevalence, risk factors, and symptomatic presentation}},
journal = {Alzheimer's \& dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association},
year = {2022},
doi = {10.1002/alz.12509},
pmid = {34854531},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12509}
}
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record names 7 authors; APA and Vancouver show the first six, BibTeX and the downloads carry all of them. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
Key findings
- Results We included 5,700 Black and 31,225 White participants across 39 Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers.
Why it matters
In National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center data from 39 research centres (5,700 Black and 31,225 White participants), dementia was diagnosed in 27% of Black and 36% of White participants. Even so, risk factors were more common among Black participants, and Black participants with dementia showed "greater cognitive deficits, neuropsychiatric symptoms/severity, and functional dependence." These are research-centre participants, not the general population, and the study compares groups without testing causes or treatments.
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Study details
- Participants5,700
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 57/100
Published in a leading specialty journal. Scored zero for study design, effect reported and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 9 / 10 | Tier 2 — leading specialty journal (Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association) |
| Journal's citation record | 2 / 4 | Alzheimer s & Dementia: journal h-index 228 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 3 / 5 | 2022 — within 6 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 3 / 4 | 5,700 participants |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 5 / 7 | Cited 202 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 4 / 5 | 33.7 citations a year over 6 year(s) since 2022 |
| Impact for its field and year | 4 / 6 | Cited 17.3× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 3 / 6 | Cited by 11 other studies in this library |
| Still being cited | 3 / 4 | Cited 142 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 2 / 4 | Last-listed author Keenan A. Walker: h-index 41 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 1 / 3 | University of Alabama at Birmingham: institution h-index 1,118 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 2 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 6 institution(s) in 1 country |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 34854531) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Total | 57 / 100 | — |
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