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A systematic review and meta-analysis of ethnic differences in use of dementia treatment, care, and research
Cooper C, Tandy AR, Balamurali TB, Livingston G.. The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 2010-03-01
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
The number of people with dementia from minority ethnic (ME) groups in western countries is projected to rise dramatically, and they may be less able to access dementia services. To compare the use of health and social services, treatments for dementia and dementia research between different ethnic groups. A systematic review of 33 articles fitting predetermined criteria. Compatible results were pooled in a meta-analysis. ME people with dementia were more cognitively impaired, and Hispanic people reported a longer duration of memory loss than non-ME people, at the time of referral to diagnostic dementia services in the United States and Australia {pooled weighted mean difference on Mini-Mental State Examination = 3.48 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.87-4.09); z = 11.19, p <0.0001; N = 2,090}. These differences remained after controlling for premorbid level of education. The use of community social services did not vary between ME and non-ME people with dementia, but African Americans were 30% less likely to be prescribed cholinesterase inhibitors {odds ratio (OR) 0.7 [0.6-0.9]; z = -3.1, p = 0.002; N = 175}, and ME groups were underrepresented in U.S. dementia drug trials. ME people with dementia were 40% less likely to enter 24-hour care (pooled hazard ratio 0.59 [95% CI: 0.52-0.69]; z = -7.15, p <0.0001; N = 12,053). The authors found consistent evidence, mostly from the United States, that ME people accessed diagnostic services later in their illness, and once they received a diagnosis, were less likely to access antidementia medication, research trials, and 24-hour care. Increasing community engagement and specific recruitment strategies for ME groups might help address inequalities, and these need to be evaluated. More research is also needed to evaluate ME access to dementia services outside the United States.
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APA 7th
Cooper, C., Tandy, A. R., Balamurali, T. B., & Livingston, G. (2010). A systematic review and meta-analysis of ethnic differences in use of dementia treatment, care, and research. The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1097/jgp.0b013e3181bf9caf
Vancouver
Cooper C, Tandy AR, Balamurali TB, Livingston G. A systematic review and meta-analysis of ethnic differences in use of dementia treatment, care, and research. The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry. 2010. doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e3181bf9caf. PMID: 20224516.
BibTeX
@article{cooper2010-20224516,
author = {Cooper, C. and Tandy, A. R. and Balamurali, T. B. and Livingston, G.},
title = {{A systematic review and meta-analysis of ethnic differences in use of dementia treatment, care, and research}},
journal = {The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry},
year = {2010},
doi = {10.1097/jgp.0b013e3181bf9caf},
pmid = {20224516},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1097/jgp.0b013e3181bf9caf}
}
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
Key findings
- Compatible results were pooled in a meta-analysis.
Why it matters
This review found that minority ethnic people with dementia were more cognitively impaired at referral, that African Americans were less likely to be prescribed cholinesterase inhibitors, and that minority groups were underrepresented in drug trials. It is about disparities in dementia care and research, not about treating, curing, or preventing the disease itself.
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Study details
- Study designsystematic review
- Participants2,090
- Evidence strengthHigh
How this study scored 67/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a systematic review of all the studies on the question. Scored zero for effect reported because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry) |
| Journal's citation record | 2 / 4 | American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry: journal h-index 178 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 12 / 12 | A systematic review of all the studies on the question |
| Strength of evidence | 5 / 5 | Rated “high” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2010 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 3 / 4 | 2,090 participants |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomized / blinded | 0 / 2 | A review of other studies — randomization is not credited here |
| Times cited | 6 / 7 | Cited 311 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 3 / 5 | 17.3 citations a year over 18 year(s) since 2010 |
| Impact for its field and year | 2 / 6 | Cited 1.4× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 3 / 6 | Cited by 23 other studies in this library |
| Still being cited | 3 / 4 | Cited 57 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 3 / 4 | Last-listed author Gill Livingston: h-index 99 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 2 / 3 | University College London: institution h-index 2,029 (OpenAlex) |
| Multicenter collaboration | 0 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 1 institution(s) in 1 country — scores zero (affiliation lists can be incomplete) |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 20224516) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Total | 67 / 100 | — |
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