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Neighborhood disadvantage and the incidence of dementia in US Black women
Patricia F. Coogan, Lauren Delp, Jacqueline Milton Hicks, Tanisha G. Hill‐Jarrett, Kasim S. Ortiz, Bryan D. James, Zinzi Bailey, Lisa Laverne Barnes et al.. Alzheimer s & Dementia, 2025-04-01
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
Age- and education-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for ADRD increased as neighborhood disadvantage increased, to 1.42 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-1.91) in the most disadvantaged quintile compared to the least disadvantaged quintile, with a significant linear trend (p = 0.012). Associations remained, although somewhat attenuated, when individual income was controlled. The present study adds to the evidence showing an association between living in a disadvantaged neighborhood and poorer brain health. The area-level association of deprivation with ADRD was in part explained by individual differences in socioeconomic status (SES). HIGHLIGHTS: The study assessed neighborhood deprivation in the largest cohort of US Black women. Cases of dementia were ascertained from Medicare claims files over 9 years of follow-up. Higher levels of area deprivation were associated with higher dementia risk.
Key findings
- Age- and education-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for ADRD increased as neighborhood disadvantage increased, to 1.42 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-1.91) in the most disadvantaged quintile compared to the least disadvantaged quintile, with a significant linear trend (p = 0.012).
- Associations remained, although somewhat attenuated, when individual income was controlled.
- The present study adds to the evidence showing an association between living in a disadvantaged neighborhood and poorer brain health.
- The area-level association of deprivation with ADRD was in part explained by individual differences in socioeconomic status (SES).
- HIGHLIGHTS: The study assessed neighborhood deprivation in the largest cohort of US Black women.
Why it matters
In the largest cohort of US Black women studied for this question, living in a more disadvantaged neighborhood was linked to higher dementia risk over 9 years, and the link was partly explained by individual socioeconomic status. This is an observational association, not evidence that neighborhood conditions cause dementia.
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Study details
- Study designlongitudinal study
- Participants10,915
- Evidence strengthModerate
How this study scored 61/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a longitudinal study following the same people over time. Scored zero for effect reported and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Alzheimer s & Dementia) |
| Journal's citation record | 2 / 4 | Alzheimer s & Dementia: journal h-index 228 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 7 / 12 | A longitudinal study following the same people over time |
| Strength of evidence | 3 / 5 | Rated “moderate” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 4 / 5 | 2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 4 / 4 | 10,915 participants |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 2 / 7 | Cited 9 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 2 / 5 | 3.0 citations a year over 3 year(s) since 2025 |
| Impact for its field and year | 3 / 6 | Cited 5.7× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 1 / 6 | Cited by 1 other studies in this library |
| Still being cited | 1 / 4 | Cited 9 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 4 / 4 | Last-listed author Lynn A. Rosenberg: h-index 105 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 2 / 3 | University of California, San Francisco: institution h-index 1,915 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 2 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 7 institution(s) in 2 countries |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 40189829) |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Total | 61 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
Full text: free to read — OpenAlex lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 6 Feb 1020).
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record's author list ends in “et al.”, so not every author is named. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
APA 7th
Coogan, P. F., Delp, L., Hicks, J. M., Hill‐Jarrett, T. G., Ortiz, K. S., James, B. D., et al. (2025). Neighborhood disadvantage and the incidence of dementia in US Black women. Alzheimer s & Dementia. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.70125
Vancouver
Coogan PF, Delp L, Hicks JM, Hill‐Jarrett TG, Ortiz KS, James BD, et al. Neighborhood disadvantage and the incidence of dementia in US Black women. Alzheimer s & Dementia. 2025. doi:10.1002/alz.70125. PMID: 40189829.
BibTeX
@article{coogan2025-40189829,
author = {Coogan, Patricia F. and Delp, Lauren and Hicks, Jacqueline Milton and Hill‐Jarrett, Tanisha G. and Ortiz, Kasim S. and James, Bryan D. and Bailey, Zinzi and Barnes, Lisa Laverne and others},
title = {{Neighborhood disadvantage and the incidence of dementia in US Black women}},
journal = {Alzheimer s \& Dementia},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.1002/alz.70125},
pmid = {40189829},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.70125}
}
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