Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.
Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.
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A total of 21,788 citations were screened, and seven studies of diverse quality were included in the review, comprising 1,691 participants.
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There was no significant difference in days spent at home between the specialist unit and standard care groups (median 51 v 45 days, 95% confidence interval for difference -12 to 24; P=0.3).
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Our analysis suggests that previous estimates of dementia burden, based on smaller datasets, might have underestimated the burden of dementia in China.
Why it matters
This review concluded that earlier estimates may have underestimated the burden of dementia in China. It is about measuring how common dementia is, not about treating, curing or preventing it.
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Identifying genetic variants influencing human brain structures may reveal new biological mechanisms underlying cognition and neuropsychiatric illness.
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Among 14 placebo-controlled trials of elderly patients with dementia reporting a total global outcome score that includes symptoms such as psychosis, mood alterations, and aggression, small but statistically significant effects sizes ranging from 0.12 and 0.20 were observed for aripiprazole, olanzapine, and risperidone.
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Good levels of participation, adherence, and retention appear to be achievable for participants through age 85 years.
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Compared with placebo, the use of G. biloba, 120 mg twice daily, did not result in less cognitive decline in older adults with normal cognition or with mild cognitive impairment.
Why it matters
In this large randomized trial of older adults, Ginkgo biloba did not slow cognitive decline in any measured domain compared with placebo. The results give no support for taking Ginkgo biloba to prevent or delay cognitive decline.
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79/100
Older people who view a video depiction of a patient with advanced dementia after hearing a verbal description of the condition are more likely to opt for comfort as their goal of care compared with those who solely listen to a verbal description.
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Evidence from well-planned, representative epidemiological surveys is scarce in many regions.
Why it matters
This consensus study estimates how many people have dementia worldwide and projects that the number will grow substantially by 2040, especially in developing countries. It provides no information about treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Training effects were of a magnitude equivalent to the amount of decline expected in elderly persons without dementia over 7- to 14-year intervals.
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Median follow-up by intention to treat was 2.0 years.
Why it matters
In older people with isolated systolic hypertension, antihypertensive drug treatment was associated with about half the incidence of dementia compared with placebo. This suggests that controlling high blood pressure may help prevent dementia, but the trial was not designed primarily to test dementia prevention and the result was of borderline significance.
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Our objectives were to investigate the utility of the Hachinski Ischemic Score (HIS) in differentiating patients with pathologically verified Alzheimer's disease (AD), multi-infarct dementia (MID), and "mixed" (AD plus cerebrovascular disease) dementia, and to identify the specific items of the HIS that best discriminate those dementia subtypes.
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In this sample of 101 219 patients, 52.7% were women and mean age was 62.6 years (SD, 9.3 years) as of November 1, 2016.
Why it matters
This Australian natural experiment examined whether herpes zoster vaccination affects the chance of a new dementia diagnosis, using eligibility based on date of birth. The text provided does not report the study's results, so it is not possible to say whether vaccination affected dementia occurrence.
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Greater MIND diet adherence was associated with decreased risk of cognitive impairment in female participants but not male participants, with no difference between Black participants and White participants.
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The cognitive impairment cohort (n = 14,175) included participants without evidence of impairment at baseline who underwent follow-up testing.
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This review suggests the advantage of combined interventions over exercise with comparable effects when compared with cognitive interventions in the population with mild cognitive impairment and dementia.
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Our findings suggest that higher adherence to the MIND diet was associated with better cognitive function and potentially slower cognitive decline in later life.
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Dementia prevalence is a global public health concern.
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78/100
This study provides preliminary evidence that falls among community-dwelling older adults are associated with factors such as age, female gender, fear of falling, history of falls, unclear vision, depression, and balance disorders.
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The included studies (n=15) assessed change in cognition in response to a multidomain lifestyle intervention.
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Pain is inversely associated with cognitive function in older adults, but the effects of pain on cognitive decline are not fully clear.
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Fifty-two studies (20 randomised; 32 non-randomised) with 4786 participants diagnosed with cancer (n = 4491), dementia (n = 43), AIDS (n = 235), spasticity (n = 16), NORSE syndrome (n = 1) were included.
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78/100
Of 19 114 randomized participants, 16 855 (88.2%) had longitudinal gait and cognitive data for inclusion in this study (mean [SD] age, 75.0 [4.4] years; 9435 women [56.0%], 7558 participants [44.8%] with 12 or more years of education).
Why it matters
Older adults who declined in both gait speed and cognition had a much higher risk of later dementia than those who did not decline. The authors say gait speed should be included in dementia risk screening, but this is about predicting risk, not treating, curing, or preventing dementia.
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PA was associated with lower incidence of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease, even in longer follow-ups, supporting PA as a modifiable protective lifestyle factor, even after reducing the effects of reverse causation.
Why it matters
This review of 58 studies found that physical activity was linked to lower risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease, even in follow-ups of 20 years or more. It is observational, so it cannot prove that exercise prevents dementia.
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These findings suggested high prevalence and detrimental impact of DSD in hospitalized older adults, highlighting a need for early identification, prevention, and treatments.
From across this topic
10 of the 7,967 studies in this topic, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 10. The same 10 appear here every time.
- Epidemiology of mild traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative disease
- A prospective study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the risk for mild cognitive impairment
- Dietary pattern, food, and nutritional supplement effects on cognitive outcomes in mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review of previous reviews
- CONVERTING MOCA-J TO MMSE-J IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING JAPANESE OLDER ADULTS: A PILOT STUDY
- Dietary Patterns and Cognitive Decline Among Chinese Older Adults
- Effect of Potentially Inappropriate Use of Antimuscarinic Medications on Healthcare Use and Cost in Individuals with Overactive Bladder
- Role of visual function and performance of activities of daily living in cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment: a cross-sectional study
- Cross-boundary Cancer Studies at the University of Tokyo: Food and Cancer
- Caregiver support groups in patients with dementia: a meta-analysis
- Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults and Risk of Dementia