Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.
Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.
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66/100
A greater sense of meaning and purpose in life is associated with lower dementia risk.
Why it matters
This research combined UK Biobank data from 153,445 people with published studies in a meta-analysis to examine whether a greater sense of meaning and purpose in life is linked to lower dementia risk. Because it is observational, it cannot prove that having more meaning in life prevents dementia.
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Grip strength and walking pace have been linked to cognitive dysfunction.
Why it matters
In 340,212 UK Biobank participants without dementia or cardiovascular disease at the start, grip strength and walking pace were studied for their link to incident dementia over an average follow-up of about 8.5 years, during which 2,424 dementia cases occurred. The study aimed to clarify the relationship between these physical measures and dementia risk.
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Late-life depression (LLD) is characterized by considerable heterogeneity in clinical manifestation.
Why it matters
This study examined heterogeneity in neuroimaging, cognition, clinical symptoms, and genetics among patients with late-life depression. It is about late-life depression and does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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A healthy lifestyle was associated with a longer life expectancy among men and women, and they lived a larger proportion of their remaining years without Alzheimer's dementia.
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Central immunity components especially microglia in dementia have been well studied and corresponding immunotherapy gradually caught the attention.
Why it matters
In over 361,000 UK Biobank participants, markers of peripheral immunity were associated with the risk of developing dementia. This links immune markers to dementia risk but does not test whether modifying immunity prevents dementia.
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In patients aged 65 years and older undergoing hip fracture surgery, regional anesthesia without sedation did not significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative delirium compared with general anesthesia.
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After a median follow-up of 6.3 years, 678 individuals were diagnosed with dementia.
Why it matters
This UK Biobank cohort using device-measured activity found that higher activity levels were linked to lower dementia risk. Being observational, it shows an association and cannot prove that activity prevents dementia.
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These findings suggest that machine learning algorithms could accurately predict incident dementia within 2 years in patients receiving care at memory clinics using only 6 variables.
Why it matters
In 15,307 participants without dementia at baseline, machine learning algorithms were assessed for predicting dementia incidence within 2 years and compared with two existing risk prediction models. The study concerns prediction and clinical decision-making aids, not treating, curing, or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Intake of coffee alone or in combination with tea was associated with lower risk of poststroke dementia.
Why it matters
In this large cohort, drinking coffee and tea, separately or together, was associated with a lower risk of stroke and dementia. These are observational associations, so they do not prove that drinking coffee or tea prevents dementia.
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This review highlights that air pollutions, especially PM 2.5 and NO 2 play important role in the risk for age-related cognitive impairment and dementia.
Why it matters
This systematic review and meta-analysis found that some environmental exposures such as air pollution were associated with higher dementia risk, while more social contact and greenness were protective. It identifies associations only and does not test any treatment, cure or prevention.
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66/100
Although behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is classically defined by behavioral and socio-emotional changes, impairments often extend to other cognitive functions.
Why it matters
This systematic review found extensive and heterogeneous speech and language deficits in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, with some preliminary links to brain atrophy and MAPT mutations. It concerns characterization of frontotemporal dementia, not treating, curing, or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Data were drawn from the UK Biobank cohort study with a total of 228 223 participants with Hospital Episodes Statistics and primary care linkage health records.
Why it matters
This UK Biobank study looked at whether having shingles or receiving the Zostavax vaccine was associated with developing dementia. It reports associations only and does not show that shingles causes dementia or that the vaccine prevents it.
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Maintaining optimal cognitive functioning throughout the lifespan is a public health priority.
Why it matters
In this trial, healthy older adults who received mindfulness training showed improved performance on a cognitive composite measure, and greater improvement was linked to increased connectivity between the hippocampus and posteromedial cortex. The participants were cognitively normal, so this is about possible prevention or preservation of cognition, not treatment of existing Alzheimer disease.
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Dementia has been associated with COVID-19 prevalence, but whether this reflects higher infection, older age of patients, or disease severity remains unclear.
Why it matters
In UK Biobank participants over 65, dementia was associated with COVID-19-positive diagnosis, hospitalization, and death, independent of age. This concerns COVID-19 outcomes in people with dementia and does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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Using nearly 8,000 British civil servants followed for up to 25 years (the Whitehall II study), this study found that people who slept 6 hours or less per night in their 50s and 60s had a higher later risk of dementia than those sleeping about 7 hours, even after accounting for other health and social factors.
Why it matters
People who slept 6 hours or less per night in their 50s and 60s had a higher later risk of dementia than those sleeping about 7 hours. This is an observational association, so it cannot prove that short sleep directly causes dementia.
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66/100
In this longitudinal study of cognitively unimpaired adults, living in the most highly disadvantaged neighborhoods was associated with accelerated degeneration in Alzheimer signature regions and cognitive decline.
Why it matters
In cognitively unimpaired middle- to older-aged adults, living in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods was associated with cortical thinning in Alzheimer signature regions and decline on one cognitive composite. This links neighborhood disadvantage to brain and cognitive changes, but it is an observational association and does not test any treatment or prevention.
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Patients with preserved cognition and mild-verbal memory/semantic fluency were younger (mean [SD] age, 36.5 [9.8] years and 38.2 [11.1] years) and had shorter disease duration (mean [SD] 8.0 [7.3] years and 8.3 [7.6] years) compared with patients with mild-multidomain (mean [SD] age, 42.6 [11.2] years; mean [SD] disease duration, 12.8 [9.6] years; P < .001), severe-executive/attention (mean [SD] age, 42.9 [11.7] years; mean [SD] disease duration, 12.2 [9.5] years; P < .001), and severe-multidomain (mean [SD] age, 44.0 [11.0] years; mean [SD] disease duration, 13.3 [10.2] years; P < .001) phenotypes.
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Our findings suggest that decreasing disparities between sexes in education, due to secular increases in educational opportunities, could attenuate sex differences in dementia risk and cognitive decline in the future.
Why it matters
This analysis suggests that reducing differences between sexes in education could attenuate sex differences in dementia risk and cognitive decline in the future. It points to education as a population-level factor, not a treatment or cure for people who already have dementia.
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Cognitive reserve (CR) may reduce the risk of dementia.
Why it matters
This meta-analysis of nine studies found that high cognitive reserve was related to a 47% reduced relative risk of mild cognitive impairment or dementia, above and beyond Alzheimer's-related structural pathology and biomarkers. It suggests that early- and mid-life factors like education may help prevent dementia later, but it does not show a treatment or cure for existing disease.
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Evidence to date suggest there are ethnic differences in risk of dementia.
Why it matters
This systematic review and meta-analysis found a pooled risk ratio for dementia incidence of 1.33 comparing Black and White ethnic groups and 0.86 comparing Asian and White ethnic groups, with no difference for Latino compared to White ethnic groups. It is an observational review of ethnic differences in dementia risk, not evidence on treating, curing, or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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66/100
Median (IQR) eGFR was 73(60-84) mL/min/1.73 m 2 .
Why it matters
This study did not find mild to moderate renal insufficiency to be associated with brain imaging features of Alzheimer disease, and its results do not support Alzheimer mechanisms in the incidence of cognitive decline related to kidney function. It is about kidney function and cognition, not about treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer disease.
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Intervention participants with MCI self-reported, or demonstrated, improved functioning across a range of cognitive (global cognitive function, executive function, processing speed, memory, attention, mood, emotion, motivation, brain cortex, orientation), and physical (gait, balance, mobility) outcomes.
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We analyzed prospectively collected data in the Original and Offspring FHS cohorts.
Why it matters
This Framingham Heart Study analysis assessed the risk of epilepsy in people with dementia and the risk of dementia in people with epilepsy. It describes a bi-directional association between two conditions, not a treatment, cure or prevention.
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The review's analysis confirmed that adherence to the MedDiet is associated with some improvement in cognitive health.
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Higher concentrations of serum biomarkers were associated with the development of clinical AD; especially, the time-specific associations were notable: t-tau 8 to 16 years, and Nf-L and GFAP 4 to 8 years prior to clinical AD.
Why it matters
In a population sample of 1,327 participants, higher serum t-tau, Nf-L and GFAP were associated with development of clinical Alzheimer disease and faster cognitive decline over 16 years. These blood markers may be useful for prediction, but the study reports no treatment, cure or prevention.
From across this topic
10 of the 7,967 studies in this topic, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 10. The same 10 appear here every time.
- Efficacy of a language-concordant community health worker intervention to improve community-to-clinic linkage for dementia care: results of the randomized trial PLAN
- Validation of the 4AT, a new instrument for rapid delirium screening: a study in 234 hospitalised older people
- Nonpharmacologic management of behavioral symptoms in dementia
- Reduced hippocampal volume correlates with executive dysfunctioning in major depression
- Fear of Dementia among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China: Lived Experiences, Coping, and Support Needs
- Lifestyle change and the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia: what is the evidence?
- Late-life engagement in social and leisure activities is associated with a decreased risk of dementia: a longitudinal study from the Kungsholmen project
- Characterizing the olfaction and dementia association in the community‐based ARIC study
- The rise and fall of frequency and imageability: noun and verb production in semantic dementia
- Racial disparities in medication use: imperatives for managed care pharmacy