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66/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 66 out of 100. Long-term cohort studies

Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies

Plain-language summary

Central immunity components especially microglia in dementia have been well studied and corresponding immunotherapy gradually caught the attention. However, few studies focused on peripheral immunity and dementia. To address the issue, we examined the longitudinal association between incident dementia and peripheral immunity markers encompassing immune cell counts, and their derived ratios including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), utilizing data of 361,653 participants from the UK Biobank (UKB).

Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris

APA 7th

Zhang, Y. R., Wang, J. J., Chen, S. F., Wang, H. F., Li, Y. Z., Ou, Y. N., et al. (2022). Peripheral immunity is associated with the risk of incident dementia. Molecular psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-022-01446-5

Vancouver

Zhang YR, Wang JJ, Chen SF, Wang HF, Li YZ, Ou YN, et al. Peripheral immunity is associated with the risk of incident dementia. Molecular psychiatry. 2022. doi:10.1038/s41380-022-01446-5. PMID: 35079124.

BibTeX

@article{zhang2022-35079124,
  author  = {Zhang, Y. R. and Wang, J. J. and Chen, S. F. and Wang, H. F. and Li, Y. Z. and Ou, Y. N. and Huang, S. Y. and Chen, S. D. and others},
  title   = {{Peripheral immunity is associated with the risk of incident dementia}},
  journal = {Molecular psychiatry},
  year    = {2022},
  doi     = {10.1038/s41380-022-01446-5},
  pmid    = {35079124},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-022-01446-5}
}

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How to read this study

Design: this is a follow-up (cohort) study. People are observed over time and not assigned to anything, so an association can reflect other differences between groups. Look at how long follow-up lasted, how many dropped out, and whether the authors adjusted for age, education and other health conditions.
Size: the record lists 361,653 participants. Ask whether that is enough for the question, and who they were.
Effect: the record gives no effect size, so the summary above cannot say how large any difference was.

What the evidence grade means here

This page is graded moderate. alzhub.org assigns the grade automatically from keywords in the abstract, not from reading the paper. Moderate means the abstract mentions a cohort, case-control or longitudinal design. It can add at most 5 of the 100 points in the study score, and it is a label about design, not a verdict on whether the findings are true.

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Key findings

However, few studies focused on peripheral immunity and dementia.
To address the issue, we examined the longitudinal association between incident dementia and peripheral immunity markers encompassing immune cell counts, and their derived ratios including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), utilizing data of 361,653 participants from the UK Biobank (UKB).
During a median follow-up of 8.99 years, 4239 participants developed dementia.
The results revealed that increased innate immunity markers were associated with higher dementia risk (per SD increment hazard ratio [HR]; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14; 1.09-1.19 for neutrophils, 1.16; 1.11-1.20 for NLR and 1.11; 1.07-1.16 for SII), while increased adaptive immunity markers were associated with lower dementia risk (0.93; 0.90-0.97 for lymphocytes and 0.94; 0.90-0.98 for LMR).

Why it matters

In over 361,000 UK Biobank participants, markers of peripheral immunity were associated with the risk of developing dementia. This links immune markers to dementia risk but does not test whether modifying immunity prevents dementia.

Study details

Study designlongitudinal study
Participants361,653
Evidence strengthModerate

How this study scored 66/100

Published in a leading specialty journal, and it is a longitudinal study following the same people over time. Scored zero for effect reported and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	9 / 10	Tier 2 — leading specialty journal (Molecular psychiatry)
Journal's citation record	3 / 4	Molecular Psychiatry: journal h-index 318 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29)
Study design	7 / 12	A longitudinal study following the same people over time
Strength of evidence	3 / 5	Rated “moderate” in our summary
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	3 / 5	2022 — within 6 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size	4 / 4	361,653 participants
Effect reported	0 / 3	No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Studied in people	3 / 3	Studied in people (participant count stated)
Randomized / blinded	0 / 2	No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited	5 / 7	Cited 112 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10)
Citations per year	3 / 5	18.7 citations a year over 6 year(s) since 2022
Impact for its field and year	4 / 6	Cited 15.7× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI)
Cited by studies here	2 / 6	Cited by 6 other studies in this library
Still being cited	3 / 4	Cited 85 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex)
Senior author's track record	2 / 4	Last-listed author Jin‐Tai Yu: h-index 39 (OpenAlex, whole career)
Institution's track record	1 / 3	Karolinska Institutet: institution h-index 1,477 (OpenAlex)
Multicenter collaboration	2 / 3	OpenAlex lists 8 institution(s) in 2 countries
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 35079124)
Free to read	0 / 2	Behind a paywall — scores zero
Total	66 / 100	—

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