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Executive function and instrumental activities of daily living in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
Marshall GA, Rentz DM, Frey MT, Locascio JJ, Johnson KA, Sperling RA, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2011-05-01
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
Background Impairment in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) leads to early loss in productivity and adds significant burden to caregivers. Executive dysfunction is thought to be an important contributor to functional impairment. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between executive function and IADL in a large cohort of well-characterized normal older controls, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and patients with mild Alzheimer's disease, separately as well as across the entire sample, while accounting for demographic, cognitive, and behavioral factors. Methods Subjects with baseline clinical datasets (n=793) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study (228 normal older controls, 387 MCI, 178 Alzheimer's disease) were included in the analysis. A multiple regression model was used to assess the relationship between executive function and IADL. Results A multiple regression model, including diagnosis, global cognitive impairment, memory performance, and other covariates demonstrated a significant relationship between executive dysfunction and IADL impairment across all subjects (R2=.60, P Conclusions These results suggest that executive dysfunction is a key contributor to impairment in IADL. This relationship was evident even after accounting for degree of memory deficit across the continuum of cognitive impairment and dementia.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Marshall, G. A., Rentz, D. M., Frey, M. T., Locascio, J. J., Johnson, K. A., Sperling, R. A., et al. (2011). Executive function and instrumental activities of daily living in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2010.04.005
Vancouver
Marshall GA, Rentz DM, Frey MT, Locascio JJ, Johnson KA, Sperling RA, et al. Executive function and instrumental activities of daily living in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association. 2011. doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2010.04.005. PMID: 21575871.
BibTeX
@article{marshall2011-21575871,
author = {Marshall, G. A. and Rentz, D. M. and Frey, M. T. and Locascio, J. J. and Johnson, K. A. and Sperling, R. A. and {Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative}},
title = {{Executive function and instrumental activities of daily living in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease}},
journal = {Alzheimer's \& dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association},
year = {2011},
doi = {10.1016/j.jalz.2010.04.005},
pmid = {21575871},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2010.04.005}
}
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record names 7 authors; APA and Vancouver show the first six, BibTeX and the downloads carry all of them. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
Key findings
- Background Impairment in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) leads to early loss in productivity and adds significant burden to caregivers.
- Results A multiple regression model, including diagnosis, global cognitive impairment, memory performance, and other covariates demonstrated a significant relationship between executive dysfunction and IADL impairment across all subjects (R2=.60, P<.0001 for model; Digit Symbol, partial ß=-.044, P=.005; Trailmaking Test B-A, quadratic relation, P=.01).
Why it matters
In 793 people across normal aging, mild cognitive impairment, and mild Alzheimer's disease, this study found executive dysfunction was strongly related to impairment in instrumental activities of daily living. It concerns understanding functional decline, not treating, curing, or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Study details
- Participants793
- Evidence strengthModerate
How this study scored 58/100
Published in a leading specialty journal. Scored zero for study design, effect reported and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on senior author's track record, so that was left out: it earned 56 of the 96 points we could judge it on, which is 58 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 9 / 10 | Tier 2 — leading specialty journal (Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association) |
| Journal's citation record | 2 / 4 | Alzheimer s & Dementia: journal h-index 228 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 3 / 5 | Rated “moderate” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2011 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 2 / 4 | 793 participants |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 6 / 7 | Cited 439 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 4 / 5 | 25.8 citations a year over 17 year(s) since 2011 |
| Impact for its field and year | 4 / 6 | Cited 12.1× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 2 / 6 | Cited by 9 other studies in this library |
| Still being cited | 3 / 4 | Cited 87 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | 3 / 3 | Harvard University: institution h-index 3,235 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 2 / 3 | PubMed indexes it as a multicentre study |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 21575871) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 56 / 96 | Scored on 19 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 56 of the 96 points we could judge it on is 58 out of 100. |
| Total | 58 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
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