Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.
Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.
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The prevalence of MCI in China was 15.4%, which varied by demographics, lifestyles, morbidity, screening tools, and diagnostic criteria.
Why it matters
This meta-analysis of 53 studies estimated that mild cognitive impairment affected 15.4% of Chinese people aged 55 and older, with estimates varying by the screening tool and diagnostic criteria used. It provides prevalence figures only and does not test any treatment, cure or prevention.
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We estimated how all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality in people with diabetes have changed over time, how the composition of the mortality burden has changed, and how this composition compared with that of the non-diabetes population.
Why it matters
This analysis examined how causes of death changed over time in people with and without diabetes in England. It found similar declines in both groups, so the mortality gap between them was maintained.
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We tested the hypothesis that a causal relationship exists between systolic BP (SBP) and/or diastolic BP (DBP) and risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Why it matters
This genetic analysis tested whether blood pressure has a causal relationship with Alzheimer's disease risk. It is a Mendelian randomization study and does not show that lowering blood pressure treats, cures, or prevents Alzheimer's disease.
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Eighty-one studies with 3347 participants were included in this review.
Why it matters
This review of 81 studies with 3347 participants found caregiving brought both positive aspects, such as personal accomplishment and stronger relationships, and negative emotional and social aspects. It describes caregivers' experiences and offers no treatment, cure or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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Baseline assessments were conducted on 128 participants.
Why it matters
This trial found that a web-based dementia risk reduction program improved scores on a dementia risk index compared with control, though the study had a small sample size and needs replication. It is about reducing risk through lifestyle factors, not treating or curing existing Alzheimer disease.
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Out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains a significant public health problem with high mortality and morbidity.
Why it matters
This consensus statement is about out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and does not address treating, curing, or preventing Alzheimer's disease. It reports no findings on Alzheimer's disease.
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For cognitively unimpaired individuals, living in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods was associated with significantly lower cerebral volumes, after controlling for maximal premorbid (total intracranial) volume.
Why it matters
In this study of cognitively unimpaired individuals, living in the 20% most disadvantaged neighborhoods was associated with lower hippocampal volume and lower total brain tissue volume after controlling for several factors. This is an association with brain volume, not evidence about treating, curing, or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Targeted clinical application of specific technologies is poised to revolutionize precision care in dementia as these technologies may be used both by patients and caregivers, and at a systems level to provide safe and effective care.
Why it matters
This systematic review examined sensing technology to monitor behavioral and psychological symptoms and treatment response in people with dementia, and found the technology was regarded as non-intrusive and well accepted. It concerns monitoring tools, not a treatment, cure or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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We created global rating scoring rules for the CDR ® plus NACC FTLD to detect and track early frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and to conduct clinical trials in FTLD.
Why it matters
This study created global rating scoring rules for the CDR plus NACC FTLD to detect and track early frontotemporal lobar degeneration. It is about a clinical rating tool for frontotemporal dementia, not about treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Sleep management might serve as a promising target for dementia prevention.
Why it matters
This meta-analysis of 51 cohorts found that ten types of sleep conditions or parameters, including six with moderate-to-high levels of evidence, were linked to higher risk of all-cause cognitive disorders. It revealed a U-shaped relationship for sleep duration and concludes sleep management might serve as a promising target for dementia prevention.
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We were unable to detect a difference in HRQOL for screening for ADRD among older adults.
Why it matters
In this trial of 4005 primary care patients, dementia screening did not change health-related quality of life at 12 months and caused no measurable harm in depression or anxiety symptoms. It addresses screening rather than treatment, so it does not show a way to cure or prevent Alzheimer's disease.
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Assignment to active treatment was not beneficial for any of the indications examined and may have been slightly disadvantageous for patients with Alzheimer disease.
Why it matters
This review of 113 trials found no significant efficacy advantage for unapproved, putatively disease-modifying interventions compared with placebo in Alzheimer disease. It shows that many investigational treatments tested in trials have not demonstrated benefit.
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In this study, lower AD signature region volumes, brain microhemorrhages, higher WMH volumes, and infarcts were risk factors associated with dementia in older community-based residents.
Why it matters
Among 1553 participants followed for a median of 4.9 years, lower volumes in the Alzheimer disease signature region, lobar microhemorrhages, higher white matter hyperintensity volumes and lacunar infarcts were each associated with higher dementia risk. These are risk associations from an observational cohort and do not show that any intervention can prevent dementia.
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From a total of 146 patients, 111 patients were included (67 men [60.4%]; mean [SD] age at diagnosis, 62.5 [11.5] years).
Why it matters
This retrospective cohort study of 111 patients with autopsy-confirmed Parkinson disease classified them into subtypes based on symptoms at diagnosis and compared disease milestones and death between subtypes. It does not report anything about treating, curing, or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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68/100
No statistically significant pooled association emerged between MetS and incident dementia and AD.
Why it matters
Pooling nine longitudinal studies, this meta-analysis found no statistically significant link between metabolic syndrome and incident dementia or Alzheimer's disease, though it did find metabolic syndrome increased the incidence of pure vascular dementia. It also reports that metabolic syndrome increased the risk of progression in people with mild cognitive impairment.
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68/100
The strength of the reported associations, the consistency across studies and the suggestion of a dose response supports a need to keep modifiable risk factor exposure to a minimum and to avoid exposure to additional modifiable risks.
Why it matters
This review of 18 studies with over 40,000 participants found that having more modifiable risk factors or unhealthy behaviors was linked to higher dementia risk, and healthy behaviors to lower risk. It supports risk reduction through lifestyle but does not prove that changing these factors prevents dementia.
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The overall unadjusted pooled odds ratio for the progression of MCI to dementia in people with diabetes/MetS was 1.67 (95% CI 1.27-2.19); the pooled odds ratio for progression in diabetes + MCI was 1.53 (95% CI 1.20-1.97) and in people with MetS + MCI was 2.95 (95% CI 1.23-7.05).
Why it matters
People with mild cognitive impairment who also had diabetes or metabolic syndrome were more likely to progress to dementia. The authors suggest intensive cardiovascular risk reduction and lifestyle changes may be important for these high-risk patients, though this was not directly tested.
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This retrospective cohort study is to investigate the association between herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections and dementia, and the effects of anti-herpetic medications on the risk involved, using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD).
Why it matters
In this cohort, patients with herpes simplex virus infections had a 2.56-fold increased risk of developing dementia compared with those without. Treatment with anti-herpetic medications was associated with a decreased risk of dementia, which the authors say could be a signal to clinicians but requires further research into the mechanism.
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Of 31 624 156 adults discharged from French hospitals between 2008 and 2013, 1 109 343 were diagnosed with dementia and were included in the analyses.
Why it matters
In a nationwide French cohort, alcohol use disorders were the strongest modifiable risk factor for dementia onset and were especially linked to early-onset dementia. This is an observational risk-factor finding and does not show that any treatment cures or prevents Alzheimer's disease.
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This study aimed to determine the extent to which cognitive measures can predict progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's type dementia (AD), assess the predictive accuracy of different cognitive domain categories, and determine whether accuracy varies as a function of age and length of follow-up.
Why it matters
This review found that cognitive tests, especially those measuring verbal memory and language, are very good at predicting which people with mild cognitive impairment will develop Alzheimer's dementia. These tests can help identify who will progress, but they do not treat or prevent the disease.
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Among 112 study participants with MCI, mean (SD) age was 76.6 (6.9) years, 55 were women (49.1%), and 27 progressed to dementia (24.1%), with an incidence rate of 121 per 1000 person-years.
Why it matters
In 112 older adults with mild cognitive impairment followed for 6 years, a dual-task gait test was associated with progression to dementia. This suggests a walking test while doing another task could help identify who is at risk, but it does not offer a treatment, cure, or prevention.
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The pooled rate of undetected dementia was 61.7% (95% CI 55.0% to 68.0%).
Why it matters
This systematic review and meta-analysis of 23 studies found that the pooled rate of undetected dementia was 61.7%, with higher underdetection in China and India than Europe and North America and in community settings than residential or nursing care. The authors call for efforts to reduce diagnostic inequality and improve early diagnosis in the community; the review addresses detection, not treatment or cure.
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In multivariate analyses, baseline age, University of Pennsylvania Smell Inventory Test (UPSIT) scores, CSF amyloid - (Aβ 42 ) to t-tau ratio, and APOE status were associated with change in MoCA scores over time.
Why it matters
In people newly diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, age, smell test scores, CSF amyloid to t-tau ratio, and APOE status were associated with later change in cognitive test scores. Combining five variables improved prediction of cognitive impairment at 2 years compared with using age alone, but this is about predicting cognitive impairment, not treating, curing, or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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This meta-review supports the conclusion that being a caregiver for people with dementia is associated with psychological stress and physical ill-health.
Why it matters
Problem-focused coping and acceptance and social-emotional support strategies were generally linked to better mental health and depression outcomes for caregivers. Poor outcomes were associated with wishful thinking, denial, and avoidance coping strategies.
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This large study followed over 274,000 members of a single California health system for 14 years and found striking differences in dementia rates by race and ethnicity.
Why it matters
Dementia rates differed strikingly by race and ethnicity, with African Americans and American Indian/Alaska Natives highest and Asian Americans lowest. The authors estimated that if every group had the same low rate as Asian Americans, about 190,000 fewer dementia cases would occur nationally each year.
From across this topic
10 of the 7,967 studies in this topic, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 10. The same 10 appear here every time.
- Validation of the Delirium Rating Scale-revised-98: comparison with the delirium rating scale and the cognitive test for delirium
- A new paradigm for stratified cognitive assessment: fusing serum Raman spectroscopy and ensemble learning
- Bias from small-count suppression in county-level cancer disparity estimates: a calibrated simulation study
- Specific patterns of cognitive impairment in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and Alzheimer's disease: a pilot study
- Lifestyle interventions for dementia risk reduction: A review on the role of physical activity and diet in Western and Asian Countries
- Socioeconomic Status Mediates Racial Differences Seen Using the AT(N) Framework
- Education, cognitive test scores, and black-white differences in dementia risk
- Barriers and facilitators to implementing person-centred dementia care in long-term care facilities in Western and Asian countries: a scoping review
- Obesity, diabetes and cognitive deficit: The Framingham Heart Study
- Mayo Normative Studies: regression‐based normative data for remote self‐administration of the Stricker Learning Span, Symbols Test and Mayo Test Drive Screening Battery Composite for ages 33‐100 and validation in MCI and dementia