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Neuroimaging in Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: A Systematic Review
Frantellizzi V, Pani A, Ricci M, Locuratolo N, Fattapposta F, De Vincentis G.. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2020-01-01
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
Cerebrovascular diseases are well established causes of cognitive impairment. Different etiologic entities, such as vascular dementia (VaD), vascular cognitive impairment, subcortical (ischemic) VaD, and vascular cognitive disorder, are included in the umbrella definition of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Because of the variability of VCID clinical presentation, there is no agreement on criteria defining the neuropathological threshold of this disorder. In fact, VCID is characterized by cerebral hemodynamic alteration which ranges from decreased cerebral blood flow to small vessels disease and involves a multifactorial process that leads to demyelination and gliosis, including blood-brain barrier disruption, hypoxia, and hypoperfusion, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and alteration on neurovascular unit coupling, cerebral microbleeds, or superficial siderosis. Numerous criteria for the definition of VaD have been described: the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Association Internationale pour Recherche'-et-l'Enseignement en Neurosciences criteria, the State of California Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centers criteria, DSM-V criteria, the Diagnostic Criteria for Vascular Cognitive Disorders (a VASCOG Statement), and Vascular Impairment of Cognition Classification Consensus Study. Neuroimaging is fundamental for definition and diagnosis of VCID and should be used to assess the extent, location, and type of vascular lesions. MRI is the most sensible technique, especially if used according to standardized protocols, even if CT plays an important role in several conditions. Functional neuroimaging, in particular functional MRI and PET, may facilitate differential diagnosis among different forms of dementia. This systematic review aims to explore the state of the art and future perspective of non-invasive diagnostics of VCID.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Frantellizzi, V., Pani, A., Ricci, M., Locuratolo, N., Fattapposta, F., & De Vincentis, G. (2020). Neuroimaging in Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: A Systematic Review. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD. https://doi.org/10.3233/jad-191046
Vancouver
Frantellizzi V, Pani A, Ricci M, Locuratolo N, Fattapposta F, De Vincentis G. Neuroimaging in Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: A Systematic Review. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD. 2020. doi:10.3233/jad-191046. PMID: 31929166.
BibTeX
@article{frantellizzi2020-31929166,
author = {Frantellizzi, V. and Pani, A. and Ricci, M. and Locuratolo, N. and Fattapposta, F. and De Vincentis, G.},
title = {{Neuroimaging in Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: A Systematic Review}},
journal = {Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD},
year = {2020},
doi = {10.3233/jad-191046},
pmid = {31929166},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3233/jad-191046}
}
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Key findings
- Numerous criteria for the definition of VaD have been described: the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Association Internationale pour Recherche'-et-l'Enseignement en Neurosciences criteria, the State of California Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centers criteria, DSM-V criteria, the Diagnostic Criteria for Vascular Cognitive Disorders (a VASCOG Statement), and Vascular Impairment of Cognition Classification Consensus Study.
- Neuroimaging is fundamental for definition and diagnosis of VCID and should be used to assess the extent, location, and type of vascular lesions.
- MRI is the most sensible technique, especially if used according to standardized protocols, even if CT plays an important role in several conditions.
- Functional neuroimaging, in particular functional MRI and PET, may facilitate differential diagnosis among different forms of dementia.
- This systematic review aims to explore the state of the art and future perspective of non-invasive diagnostics of VCID.
Why it matters
This systematic review covers how brain imaging is used to define and diagnose vascular cognitive impairment and dementia, thinking problems caused by disease of the brain's blood vessels. It presents MRI as the leading technique, especially with standardised protocols, and notes that functional MRI and PET may help tell different forms of dementia apart.
Study details
- Study designsystematic review
- Evidence strengthHigh
How this study scored 56/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a systematic review of all the studies on the question. Scored zero for sample size, effect reported and studied in people because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD) |
| Journal's citation record | 2 / 4 | Journal of Alzheimer s Disease: journal h-index 218 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 12 / 12 | A systematic review of all the studies on the question |
| Strength of evidence | 5 / 5 | Rated “high” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 2 / 5 | 2020 — within 10 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | A review of other studies — randomisation is not credited here |
| Times cited | 4 / 7 | Cited 65 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 3 / 5 | 8.1 citations a year over 8 year(s) since 2020 |
| Impact for its field and year | 2 / 6 | Cited 2.3× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 1 / 6 | Cited by 2 other studies in this library |
| Still being cited | 2 / 4 | Cited 24 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 2 / 4 | Last-listed author Giuseppe De Vincentis: h-index 33 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 1 / 3 | Sapienza University of Rome: institution h-index 1,145 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 1 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 2 institution(s) in 1 country |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 31929166) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Total | 56 / 100 | — |
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