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Neuroinflammation in vascular cognitive impairment and dementia: Insights from clinical biomarkers and experimental models
Akane Mizutani, Carlos Parra-Pérez, Akihiro Shindo, Ignacio Lizasoaín, María Ángeles Moro, Ken Arai. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 2026-04-10
Topic: Amyloid, tau and blood-test diagnosis
Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) encompasses a heterogeneous group of disorders in which cerebrovascular pathology contributes to cognitive decline. Accumulating evidence from both clinical and basic studies suggests that neuroinflammation is one of the major mechanisms underlying VCID pathogenesis. However, its clinical evaluation remains challenging, and how it influences the process of VCID pathogenesis is still not fully understood. Experimental models of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion have demonstrated that decreased cerebral blood flow can activate innate immune responses and trigger inflammatory cascades. These cascades may contribute to white matter damage and cognitive deficits, and anti-inflammatory interventions have shown therapeutic potential in mitigating these outcomes. In this mini-review, we summarize recent findings on neuroinflammation from both clinical and basic studies, and discuss its role in VCID progression. A deeper understanding of the multifaceted mechanisms involved in inflammatory signaling will be essential for advancing VCID research and developing effective therapeutic strategies.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Mizutani, A., Parra-Pérez, C., Shindo, A., Lizasoaín, I., Moro, M. Á., & Arai, K. (2026). Neuroinflammation in vascular cognitive impairment and dementia: Insights from clinical biomarkers and experimental models. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism. https://doi.org/10.1177/0271678x261437523
Vancouver
Mizutani A, Parra-Pérez C, Shindo A, Lizasoaín I, Moro MÁ, Arai K. Neuroinflammation in vascular cognitive impairment and dementia: Insights from clinical biomarkers and experimental models. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism. 2026. doi:10.1177/0271678x261437523. PMID: 41964274.
BibTeX
@article{mizutani2026-41964274,
author = {Mizutani, Akane and Parra-Pérez, Carlos and Shindo, Akihiro and Lizasoaín, Ignacio and Moro, María Ángeles and Arai, Ken},
title = {{Neuroinflammation in vascular cognitive impairment and dementia: Insights from clinical biomarkers and experimental models}},
journal = {Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow \& Metabolism},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.1177/0271678x261437523},
pmid = {41964274},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0271678x261437523}
}
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
Key findings
- Accumulating evidence from both clinical and basic studies suggests that neuroinflammation is one of the major mechanisms underlying VCID pathogenesis.
- Experimental models of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion have demonstrated that decreased cerebral blood flow can activate innate immune responses and trigger inflammatory cascades.
Why it matters
This review summarizes evidence that neuroinflammation is a major mechanism in vascular cognitive impairment and dementia, and that anti-inflammatory interventions have shown therapeutic potential in experimental models. As a review of clinical and basic studies, it does not itself demonstrate a treatment, cure or prevention.
Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 41/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism) |
| Journal's citation record | 3 / 4 | Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism: journal h-index 285 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 5 / 5 | 2026 — within 1 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 1 / 7 | Cited 1 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 0 / 5 | 0.5 citations a year over 2 year(s) since 2026 |
| Impact for its field and year | 2 / 6 | Cited 2.5× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 0 / 6 | No other study in this library cites it |
| Still being cited | 0 / 4 | Cited 1 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 3 / 4 | Last-listed author Ken Arai: h-index 69 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 3 / 3 | Harvard University: institution h-index 3,235 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 2 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 5 institution(s) in 3 countries |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 41964274) |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Total | 41 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
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