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CNS inflammation and macrophage/microglial biology associated with HIV-1 infection
Yadav A, Collman RG.. Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology, 2009-09-19
Topic: Brain proteins, microglia and lab models
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of the central nervous system (CNS) can result in neurological dysfunction with devastating consequences in a significant proportion of individuals with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. HIV-1 does not infect neurons directly but induces damage indirectly through the accumulation of activated macrophage/microglia (M/M) cells, some of which are infected, that release neurotoxic mediators including both cellular activation products and viral proteins. One mechanism for the accumulation of activated M/M involves the development in infected individuals of an activated peripheral blood monocyte population that traffics through the blood-brain barrier, a process that also serves to carry virus into CNS and establish local infection.
Key findings
- HIV-1 does not infect neurons directly but induces damage indirectly through the accumulation of activated macrophage/microglia (M/M) cells, some of which are infected, that release neurotoxic mediators including both cellular activation products and viral proteins.
- One mechanism for the accumulation of activated M/M involves the development in infected individuals of an activated peripheral blood monocyte population that traffics through the blood-brain barrier, a process that also serves to carry virus into CNS and establish local infection.
- A second mechanism involves the release by infected and activated M/M in the CNS of chemotactic mediators that recruit additional monocytes from the periphery.
- These activated M/M, some of which are infected, release a number of cytokines and small molecule mediators as well as viral proteins that act on bystander cells and in turn activate them, thus amplifying the cascade.
Why it matters
This review describes how HIV-1 infection in the central nervous system causes damage indirectly through activated macrophage/microglia cells that release neurotoxic mediators. It concerns HIV-related neurological dysfunction and reports no treatment, cure or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 41/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology) |
| Journal's citation record | 1 / 4 | Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology: journal h-index 108 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2009 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 5 / 7 | Cited 199 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 3 / 5 | 10.5 citations a year over 19 year(s) since 2009 |
| Impact for its field and year | 3 / 6 | Cited 6.3× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 0 / 6 | No other study in this library cites it |
| Still being cited | 2 / 4 | Cited 22 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 3 / 4 | Last-listed author Ronald G. Collman: h-index 75 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 2 / 3 | University of Pennsylvania: institution h-index 1,859 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 1 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 2 institution(s) in 1 country |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 19768553) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Total | 41 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
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Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
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APA 7th
Yadav, A., & Collman, R. G. (2009). CNS inflammation and macrophage/microglial biology associated with HIV-1 infection. Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-009-9174-2
Vancouver
Yadav A, Collman RG. CNS inflammation and macrophage/microglial biology associated with HIV-1 infection. Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology. 2009. doi:10.1007/s11481-009-9174-2. PMID: 19768553.
BibTeX
@article{yadav2009-19768553,
author = {Yadav, A. and Collman, R. G.},
title = {{CNS inflammation and macrophage/microglial biology associated with HIV-1 infection}},
journal = {Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology},
year = {2009},
doi = {10.1007/s11481-009-9174-2},
pmid = {19768553},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-009-9174-2}
}
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