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Mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease dementia, and predictors of driving cessation: A 7-year longitudinal prospective study
Petros Stamatelos, Ion Beratis, Panagiota Hatzaki, Alexandra Economou, Nikolaos Andronas, Dimosthenis Pavlou, Styliani P Fragkiadaki, Dionysia Kontaxopoulou et al.. Journal of Alzheimer s Disease, 2025-04-22
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
BackgroundPatients with dementia face driving difficulties and, at some point, cease driving.ObjectiveWe sought to identify predictors of driving cessation among patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild Alzheimer's disease dementia (AD).MethodsWe enrolled in this longitudinal study patients with MCI, AD (Clinical Dementia Rating < 2) and cognitively normal (NC) individuals. At baseline evaluation, participants underwent a neurological, neuropsychological and driving simulator assessment. Re-evaluations after 48 and 84 months included a structured interview with the patients and their caregiver. Primary endpoints were driving cessation, death and progression to dementia.Results109 individuals were included (32 NC, mean age 65.8 years/47 MCI, mean age 69.1 years/30 AD, mean age 72.8 years). Dangerous driving events during follow-up were referred for 45% and 59% of MCI and AD patients, respectively. 18 MCI (38%, mean time to cease 35 months) and 25 AD (83%, mean time to cease 15 months) patients ceased driving during follow-up. 36% of MCI patients progressed to dementia during follow-up. Cox Regression multivariate analysis revealed age (Hazard Ratio-HR 1.080), semantic verbal fluency-SVF (HR 0.822) and Tandem Walking Test modified with simultaneous reverse number counting-mTWT (HR 1.099) as significant predictors of driving cessation. Simulator accident probability reached statistical significance only in the univariate model (HR 1.040).ConclusionsAge, SVF and mTWT are significant predictors of driving cessation among MCI and AD patients. Driving simulator may be a promising component of driving evaluation. Large-scale studies are prerequisite for the implementation of a multi-disciplinary driving fitness evaluation protocol.
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APA 7th
Stamatelos, P., Beratis, I., Hatzaki, P., Economou, A., Andronas, N., Pavlou, D., et al. (2025). Mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease dementia, and predictors of driving cessation: A 7-year longitudinal prospective study. Journal of Alzheimer s Disease. https://doi.org/10.1177/13872877251333705
Vancouver
Stamatelos P, Beratis I, Hatzaki P, Economou A, Andronas N, Pavlou D, et al. Mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease dementia, and predictors of driving cessation: A 7-year longitudinal prospective study. Journal of Alzheimer s Disease. 2025. doi:10.1177/13872877251333705. PMID: 40261306.
BibTeX
@article{stamatelos2025-40261306,
author = {Stamatelos, Petros and Beratis, Ion and Hatzaki, Panagiota and Economou, Alexandra and Andronas, Nikolaos and Pavlou, Dimosthenis and Fragkiadaki, Styliani P and Kontaxopoulou, Dionysia and others},
title = {{Mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease dementia, and predictors of driving cessation: A 7-year longitudinal prospective study}},
journal = {Journal of Alzheimer s Disease},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.1177/13872877251333705},
pmid = {40261306},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/13872877251333705}
}
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Key findings
- Cox Regression multivariate analysis revealed age (Hazard Ratio-HR 1.080), semantic verbal fluency-SVF (HR 0.822) and Tandem Walking Test modified with simultaneous reverse number counting-mTWT (HR 1.099) as significant predictors of driving cessation.
- Simulator accident probability reached statistical significance only in the univariate model (HR 1.040).ConclusionsAge, SVF and mTWT are significant predictors of driving cessation among MCI and AD patients.
Why it matters
In this 7-year study, older age, lower semantic verbal fluency, and worse tandem walking with reverse counting predicted driving cessation in people with mild cognitive impairment or mild Alzheimer's disease dementia. It does not test a treatment or cure, but it identifies factors that may help caregivers and clinicians anticipate when driving may need to stop.
Study details
- Study designlongitudinal study
- Effect sizeHR 1.080; HR 0.822; HR 1.099
- Evidence strengthModerate
How this study scored 46/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a longitudinal study following the same people over time. Scored zero for sample size, studied in people and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Journal of Alzheimer s Disease) |
| Journal's citation record | 2 / 4 | Journal of Alzheimer s Disease: journal h-index 218 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 7 / 12 | A longitudinal study following the same people over time |
| Strength of evidence | 3 / 5 | Rated “moderate” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 4 / 5 | 2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 3 / 3 | Effect reported with a statistic (interval, p-value, ratio or similar) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomized / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 1 / 7 | Cited 1 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 0 / 5 | 0.3 citations a year over 3 year(s) since 2025 |
| Impact for its field and year | 2 / 6 | Cited 2.2× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 0 / 6 | No other study in this library cites it |
| Still being cited | 0 / 4 | Cited 1 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 2 / 4 | Last-listed author Sokratis G. Papageorgiou: h-index 34 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 1 / 3 | National and Kapodistrian University of Athens: institution h-index 859 (OpenAlex) |
| Multicenter collaboration | 2 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 6 institution(s) in 1 country |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 40261306) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Total | 46 / 100 | — |
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