Get help now — free helplines

You can call any of these for free. You do not need a diagnosis, an appointment, or a crisis to call — questions and plain exhaustion are reasons enough.

  • Alzheimer's Association 24/7 Helpline 800-272-3900 24 hours a day, 365 days a year Free, confidential support and information for people with dementia, caregivers, families and the public. Master's-level clinicians. Also Spanish.
  • 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline 988 24/7 Call or text 988, or chat at 988lifeline.org. For anyone in emotional distress or a mental-health crisis, including caregivers.
  • Alzheimer's Foundation of America (AFA) Helpline 866-232-8484 9:00 am - 9:00 pm ET, seven days a week Licensed social workers providing support, info and referrals. Also text message and web chat. Text: 646-586-5283

In a medical emergency, call 911. More numbers, and what each line does, on the help page.

Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.

Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.

  1. NF-kappa B: a crucial transcription factor for glial and neuronal cell function

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. Trends in neurosciences 1997-06-01 Disease mechanisms

    Transcription factors provide the link between early membrane-proximal signalling events and changes in gene expression.

  2. Induction of neuroprotective kappa B-dependent transcription by secreted forms of the Alzheimer's beta-amyloid precursor

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. Brain research. Molecular brain research 1996-08-01 Drug development

    A significant fraction of the beta-amyloid precursor protein is proteolytically processed to yield large secreted forms (sAPP).

  3. Cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) immunoreactivity is elevated in Alzheimer's disease brain

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. Neurobiology of disease 1996-02-01 Biomarkers

    Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is the key enzyme that initiates the arachidonic acid cascade, which leads to the generation of multiple eicosanoid products.

  4. Interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-6 are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's and de novo Parkinson's disease patients

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. Neuroscience letters 1995-12-01 Tau biomarkers

    Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of 12 control subjects, 11 sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 22 de novo Parkinson's disease (PD) patients using high sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).

  5. GFAP and astrogliosis

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) 1994-07-01 Biomarkers

    One of the most remarkable characteristics of astrocytes is their vigorous response to diverse neurologic insults, a feature that is well conserved across a variety of different species.

  6. The origin and nature of ramified and amoeboid microglia: a historical review and current concepts

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. Glia 1993-01-01 Tau biomarkers

    The origin of ramified microglia has been a longstanding controversial issue, with 4 major schools of thought, which state that they are derived (1) from invasion of mesodermal pial elements, (2) from neuroectodermal matrix cells together with the macroglia, (3) from pericytes, and (4) from invasion of monocytes in early development.

  7. Interleukin-6 and alpha-2-macroglobulin indicate an acute-phase state in Alzheimer's disease cortices

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. FEBS letters 1991-07-01 Tau biomarkers

    Recent studies indicated that the formation of a major constituent of Alzheimer's disease (AD) senile plaques, called beta A4-peptide, does not result from normal processing of its precursor, amyloid precursor protein (APP).

  8. Immunoregulatory molecules and IL 2 receptors identified in multiple sclerosis brain

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 36 out of 100. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 1986-05-01 Biomarkers

    Frozen brain specimens from eight multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were examined for the presence of leukocytes and their cell products by using a panel of monoclonal antibodies.

  9. P4–285: SAR228810: An antiprotofibrillar beta‐amyloid antibody designed to reduce risk of amyloid‐related imaging abnormalities (ARIA)

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 34 out of 100. Alzheimer s & Dementia 2013-07-01 Treatments

    SAR228810 is a humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) binding specifically to soluble protofibrillar and fibrillar forms of Aβ peptide.

  10. Molecular MRI of Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease using a Folate-targeted Nanoprobe

    ⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. bioRxiv 2026-11-01 Inflammation and the immune system

    Microglial activation and FR expression in APP/PS1 and P301S transgenic mouse models of AD was measured using flow cytometry.

  11. Neuroinflammation is an early pathological process in a mouse model of prodromal Parkinsons disease

    ⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. bioRxiv 2026-10-30 Mild cognitive impairment

    Approximately 90% of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients exhibit olfactory deficits, which often precedes motor symptoms by years, and are a robust predictor for PD and subsequent cognitive decline.

  12. The TREM-receptor family interactome in the human brain

    ⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. bioRxiv 2026-10-29 Genetics

    The Triggering Receptors Expressed on Myeloid cells (TREMs) are a family of cell-surface receptors instrumental in the activation of different myeloid cells.

  13. Soluble TREM2 suppresses neuronal activity

    ⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. Research Square 2026-10-28 TREM2 and immune genetics

    Neuronal activity must be tightly controlled to maintain brain function.

  14. A Binding Site for CVN293 Reveals a Mechanism for Allosteric Control of THIK-1 K2P Channel Gating

    ⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. bioRxiv 2026-10-28 Inflammation and the immune system

    Microglial activation and subsequent neuroinflammation involves THIK-1 (KCNK13), a Two-Pore Domain (K2P) K+ channel.

  15. Ms4a4a loss preferentially remodels microglia with limited, compartment-specific effects across central and peripheral immune compartments in 5xFAD mice

    ⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. bioRxiv 2026-10-27 Genetics

    These findings identify microglia as the immune population most strongly remodeled by Ms4a4a loss in the setting of amyloid pathology.

  16. CEP-IP with CMRF in SEA-AD Microglia: A Mitochondrial Co-expression Module Linked to Cognition

    ⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. bioRxiv 2026-10-27 Genetics

    Single-nucleus RNA-seq (snRNA-seq) studies of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) routinely filter nuclei by mitochondrial percentage (%MT) or remove mitochondrial genes, yet whether these reads carry information about cognition is rarely examined.

  17. High-content imaging of live microglia-containing Alzheimer’s disease brain organoids

    ⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. bioRxiv 2026-10-27 Inflammation and the immune system

    This method establishes a platform for high-throughput longitudinal drug screening in immunocompetent human COs that will enable the identification of new therapeutic candidates to modulate Aβ aggregation, glial reactivity, and neurodegeneration.

  18. Serpin A3 is Increased in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and ARIA

    ⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. bioRxiv 2026-10-24 Genetics

    Vascular pathology is an important contributor to dementia, and astrocyte dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a key mediator of cerebrovascular injury.

  19. GPR6 Protects Medial Entorhinal Cortex in 5×FAD Mice from Early Pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease

    ⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. Research Square 2026-10-22 Inflammation and the immune system

    Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by progressive memory decline, with the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) representing an early vulnerable hub for spatial cognition.

  20. Function-oriented microglial transcriptional scores in Alzheimer’s disease: resolving terminal functions beyond activation states

    ⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. bioRxiv 2026-10-21 Inflammation and the immune system

    Alzheimer’s disease (AD) staging based on amyloid-β, tau, and neurodegeneration does not capture heterogeneous microglial functions.

  21. Longitudinal single-cell transcriptional profiling identifies dynamic neurodegenerative mechanisms in Christianson Syndrome rat

    ⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. bioRxiv 2026-10-20 Risk genes beyond APOE

    Endolysosomal dysfunction is a central feature of many neurodegenerative disorders.

  22. Astrocytic sEH–EET signaling regulates microglial lysosomal function and suppresses the STING–Type I interferon pathway in Alzheimer’s disease

    ⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. bioRxiv 2026-10-20 Inflammation and the immune system

    We define an astrocyte–microglia axis in which astrocytic sEH limits EET availability and thereby sustains microglial STING signaling.

  23. Protective or Pathogenic? Microglial Responses at the Intersection of Amyloid-β, Tau, and Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease

    ⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. Preprints.org 2026-10-20 Inflammation and the immune system

    Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation, pathological tau aggregation, and neuronal loss.

  24. NADPH attenuates tau pathology and disease-associated microglial phenotype in a truncated tau- induced mouse model

    ⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. Research Square 2026-10-19 TREM2 and immune genetics

    Truncated tau is increasingly recognized as a pivotal pathogenic event in Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

  25. Female microglia show heightened responses to aging and amyloid pathology in mice and humans

    ⚠ Preprint — not yet peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 16 out of 100. bioRxiv 2026-10-19 Risk genes beyond APOE

    These findings identify conserved regulatory networks that may contribute to female-biased microglial responses to AD pathology across mice and humans.

From across this topic

10 of the 730 studies in this topic, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 10. The same 10 appear here every time.

Other topics