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Interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-6 are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's and de novo Parkinson's disease patients
Blum-Degen D, Müller T, Kuhn W, Gerlach M, Przuntek H, Riederer P.. Neuroscience letters, 1995-12-01
Topic: Inflammation, microglia and astrocytes
Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of 12 control subjects, 11 sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 22 de novo Parkinson's disease (PD) patients using high sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). IL-1 beta and IL-6 contents were significantly elevated in the CSF of de novo PD and AD patients in comparison to the control group. In contrast, the plasma levels were not significantly affected. IL-2 contents in the CSF and plasma samples were unchanged in the three groups compared. Because the two cytokines IL-1 beta and IL-6 are known to play a key role in the interaction between the nervous and immune system, e.g. in the so-called acute phase response, our results support the involvement of immunological events in the complex process of neurodegeneration in AD and PD.
Key findings
- IL-1 beta and IL-6 contents were significantly elevated in the CSF of de novo PD and AD patients in comparison to the control group.
- In contrast, the plasma levels were not significantly affected.
- Because the two cytokines IL-1 beta and IL-6 are known to play a key role in the interaction between the nervous and immune system, e.g. in the so-called acute phase response, our results support the involvement of immunological events in the complex process of neurodegeneration in AD and PD.
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Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 36/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multi-centre collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 21 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 36 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Neuroscience letters) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 1995 — older than 20 years, still counted |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 8787820) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 21 / 58 | Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 21 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 36 out of 100. |
| Total | 36 / 100 | — |
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APA 7th
Blum-Degen, D., Müller, T., Kuhn, W., Gerlach, M., Przuntek, H., & Riederer, P. (1995). Interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-6 are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's and de novo Parkinson's disease patients. Neuroscience letters. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(95)12192-7
Vancouver
Blum-Degen D, Müller T, Kuhn W, Gerlach M, Przuntek H, Riederer P. Interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-6 are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's and de novo Parkinson's disease patients. Neuroscience letters. 1995. doi:10.1016/0304-3940(95)12192-7. PMID: 8787820.
BibTeX
@article{blumdegen1995-8787820,
author = {Blum-Degen, D. and Müller, T. and Kuhn, W. and Gerlach, M. and Przuntek, H. and Riederer, P.},
title = {{Interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-6 are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's and de novo Parkinson's disease patients}},
journal = {Neuroscience letters},
year = {1995},
doi = {10.1016/0304-3940(95)12192-7},
pmid = {8787820},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(95)12192-7}
}