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Immunoregulatory molecules and IL 2 receptors identified in multiple sclerosis brain
Hofman FM, von Hanwehr RI, Dinarello CA, Mizel SB, Hinton D, Merrill JE.. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 1986-05-01
Topic: Inflammation, microglia and astrocytes
Frozen brain specimens from eight multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were examined for the presence of leukocytes and their cell products by using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. The results presented here demonstrated that in the MS lesion, there was a marked accumulation of HLA-Dr-positive (Ia-positive) cells. These Ia-positive cells were identified as being glial fibrillary acidic protein positive by using double staining methods. Furthermore, the cells in the MS lesion expressed the interleukin 2 (IL 2) receptor, as identified by the anti-TAC monoclonal antibody. The cells in the region of the plaque also exhibited positive staining with antibodies to IL 1, IL 2, and prostaglandin E. Neither normal brain nor brain specimens from progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy or Alzheimer's disease showed such patterns of staining. These results suggest that stimulated cells are present in the MS brain, thus implicating an active immune mechanism in the pathogenesis of MS.
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APA 7th
Hofman, F. M., von Hanwehr, R. I., Dinarello, C. A., Mizel, S. B., Hinton, D., & Merrill, J. E. (1986). Immunoregulatory molecules and IL 2 receptors identified in multiple sclerosis brain. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.136.9.3239
Vancouver
Hofman FM, von Hanwehr RI, Dinarello CA, Mizel SB, Hinton D, Merrill JE. Immunoregulatory molecules and IL 2 receptors identified in multiple sclerosis brain. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). 1986. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.136.9.3239. PMID: 3082983.
BibTeX
@article{hofman1986-3082983,
author = {Hofman, F. M. and von Hanwehr, R. I. and Dinarello, C. A. and Mizel, S. B. and Hinton, D. and Merrill, J. E.},
title = {{Immunoregulatory molecules and IL 2 receptors identified in multiple sclerosis brain}},
journal = {Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)},
year = {1986},
doi = {10.4049/jimmunol.136.9.3239},
pmid = {3082983},
url = {https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.136.9.3239}
}
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Key findings
- The results presented here demonstrated that in the MS lesion, there was a marked accumulation of HLA-Dr-positive (Ia-positive) cells.
- These results suggest that stimulated cells are present in the MS brain, thus implicating an active immune mechanism in the pathogenesis of MS.
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Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 36/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multi-centre collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 21 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 36 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 1986 — older than 20 years, still counted |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 3082983) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 21 / 58 | Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 21 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 36 out of 100. |
| Total | 36 / 100 | — |
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