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49/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 49 out of 100. Biomarkers

Topic: Amyloid, tau and blood-test diagnosis

Background Validation of new biomarkers of Alzheimer disease (AD) is crucial for the successful development and implementation of treatment strategies. Additional to traditional AT(N) biomarkers, neuroinflammation biomarkers, such as translocator protein (TSPO) and cystine/glutamine antiporter system (x c - ), could be considered when assessing AD progression. Herein, we report the longitudinal investigation of [ 18 F]DPA-714 and [ 18 F]FSPG for their ability to detect TSPO and x c - biomarkers, respectively, in the 5xFAD mouse model for AD. Methods Expression of TSPO and x c - system was assessed longitudinally (2-12 months of age) on 5xFAD mice and their respective controls by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using radioligands [ 18 F]DPA-714 and [ 18 F]FSPG. In parallel, in the same mice, amyloid-β plaque deposition was assessed with the amyloid PET radiotracer [ 18 F]florbetaben. In vivo findings were correlated to ex vivo immunofluorescence staining of TSPO and x c - in microglia/macrophages and astrocytes on brain slices. Physiological changes of the brain tissue were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 12-month-old mice. Results PET studies showed a significant increase in the uptake of [ 18 F]DPA-714 and [ 18 F]FSPG in the cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus in 5xFAD but not in WT mice over time. The results correlate with Aβ plaque deposition. Ex vivo staining confirmed higher TSPO overexpression in both, microglia/macrophages and astrocytes, and overexpression of x c - in non-glial cells of 5xFAD mice. Additionally, the results show that Aβ plaques were surrounded by microglia/macrophages overexpressing TSPO. MRI studies showed significant tissue shrinkage and microstructural alterations in 5xFAD mice compared to controls. Conclusions TSPO and x c - overexpression can be assessed by [ 18 F]DPA-714 and [ 18 F]FSPG, respectively, and correlate with the level of Aβ plaque deposition obtained with a PET amyloid tracer. These results position the two tracers as promising imaging tools for the evaluation of disease progression. Longitudinal in vivo study in the 5xFAD mouse model shows that TSPO and oxidative stress assessment through [ 18 F]DPA-714 and [ 18 F]FSPG-PET imaging, respectively, could serve as a potential tool for the evaluation of Alzheimer disease progression.

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APA 7th

Rejc, L., Gómez-Vallejo, V., Joya, A., Arsequell, G., Egimendia, A., Castellnou, P., et al. (2022). Longitudinal evaluation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease using positron emission tomography. Alzheimer's research & therapy. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-022-01016-5

Vancouver

Rejc L, Gómez-Vallejo V, Joya A, Arsequell G, Egimendia A, Castellnou P, et al. Longitudinal evaluation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease using positron emission tomography. Alzheimer's research & therapy. 2022. doi:10.1186/s13195-022-01016-5. PMID: 35676734.

BibTeX

@article{rejc2022-35676734,
  author  = {Rejc, L. and Gómez-Vallejo, V. and Joya, A. and Arsequell, G. and Egimendia, A. and Castellnou, P. and Ríos-Anglada, X. and Cossío, U. and others},
  title   = {{Longitudinal evaluation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease using positron emission tomography}},
  journal = {Alzheimer's research \& therapy},
  year    = {2022},
  doi     = {10.1186/s13195-022-01016-5},
  pmid    = {35676734},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-022-01016-5}
}

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Key findings

Results PET studies showed a significant increase in the uptake of [ 18 F]DPA-714 and [ 18 F]FSPG in the cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus in 5xFAD but not in WT mice over time.
The results correlate with Aβ plaque deposition.
Additionally, the results show that Aβ plaques were surrounded by microglia/macrophages overexpressing TSPO.
MRI studies showed significant tissue shrinkage and microstructural alterations in 5xFAD mice compared to controls.
These results position the two tracers as promising imaging tools for the evaluation of disease progression.

Why it matters

In 5xFAD mice, PET tracers for TSPO and the xc- system showed increasing uptake over time in several brain regions, correlating with amyloid plaque deposition. This is animal imaging research on biomarkers of neuroinflammation, not a treatment or cure.

New to this subject? Start with our plain-English guide: Blood tests & biomarkers →

Study details

Study designlongitudinal study
Evidence strengthModerate

How this study scored 49/100

Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a longitudinal study following the same people over time. Scored zero for sample size, effect reported and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	7 / 10	Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Alzheimer's research & therapy)
Journal's citation record	1 / 4	Alzheimer s Research & Therapy: journal h-index 146 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29)
Study design	7 / 12	A longitudinal study following the same people over time
Strength of evidence	3 / 5	Rated “moderate” in our summary
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	3 / 5	2022 — within 6 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size	0 / 4	Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Effect reported	0 / 3	No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Studied in people	0 / 3	Laboratory or animal study (title names “mouse”) — scores zero
Randomized / blinded	0 / 2	No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited	3 / 7	Cited 21 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10)
Citations per year	2 / 5	3.5 citations a year over 6 year(s) since 2022
Impact for its field and year	2 / 6	Cited 2.1× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI)
Cited by studies here	0 / 6	No other study in this library cites it
Still being cited	2 / 4	Cited 15 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex)
Senior author's track record	2 / 4	Last-listed author Jordi Llop: h-index 43 (OpenAlex, whole career)
Institution's track record	1 / 3	Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas: institution h-index 1,048 (OpenAlex)
Multicenter collaboration	2 / 3	OpenAlex lists 7 institution(s) in 1 country
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 35676734)
Free to read	2 / 2	Free to read
Total	49 / 100	—

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