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Do in vivo experimental models reflect human cerebral small vessel disease? A systematic review
Hainsworth AH, Markus HS.. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 2008-08-13
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a major cause of stroke and dementia. Pathologically, three lesions are seen: small vessel arteriopathy, lacunar infarction, and diffuse white matter injury (leukoaraiosis). Appropriate experimental models would aid in understanding these pathologic states and also in preclinical testing of therapies. The objective was to perform a systematic review of animal models of SVD and determine whether these resemble four key clinicopathologic features: (1) small, discrete infarcts; (2) small vessel arteriopathy; (3) diffuse white matter damage; (4) cognitive impairment. Fifteen different models were included, under four categories: (1) embolic injuries (injected blood clot, photochemical, detergent-evoked); (2) hypoperfusion/ischaemic injury (bilateral common carotid occlusion/stenosis, striatal endothelin-1 injection, striatal mitotoxin 3-NPA); (3) hypertension-based injuries (surgical narrowing of the aorta, or genetic mutations, usually in the renin-angiotensin system); (4) blood vessel damage (injected proteases, endothelium-targeting viral infection, or genetic mutations affecting vessel walls). Chronic hypertensive models resembled most key features of SVD, and shared the major risk factors of hypertension and age with human SVD. The most-used model was the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR-SP). No model described all features of the human disease. The optimal choice of model depends on the aspect of pathophysiology being studied.
Key findings
- Fifteen different models were included, under four categories: (1) embolic injuries (injected blood clot, photochemical, detergent-evoked); (2) hypoperfusion/ischaemic injury (bilateral common carotid occlusion/stenosis, striatal endothelin-1 injection, striatal mitotoxin 3-NPA); (3) hypertension-based injuries (surgical narrowing of the aorta, or genetic mutations, usually in the renin-angiotensin system); (4) blood vessel damage (injected proteases, endothelium-targeting viral infection, or genetic mutations affecting vessel walls).
- Chronic hypertensive models resembled most key features of SVD, and shared the major risk factors of hypertension and age with human SVD.
- The most-used model was the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR-SP).
- No model described all features of the human disease.
- The optimal choice of model depends on the aspect of pathophysiology being studied.
Study details
- Study designsystematic review
- Evidence strengthHigh
How this study scored 64/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a systematic review of all the studies on the question. Scored zero for sample size, effect reported and studied in people because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multi-centre collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 37 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 64 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 12 / 12 | A systematic review of all the studies on the question |
| Strength of evidence | 5 / 5 | Rated “high” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2008 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | A review of other studies — randomisation is not credited here |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 18698331) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 37 / 58 | Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 37 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 64 out of 100. |
| Total | 64 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
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Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
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APA 7th
Hainsworth, A. H., & Markus, H. S. (2008). Do in vivo experimental models reflect human cerebral small vessel disease? A systematic review. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. https://doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2008.91
Vancouver
Hainsworth AH, Markus HS. Do in vivo experimental models reflect human cerebral small vessel disease? A systematic review. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. 2008. doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2008.91. PMID: 18698331.
BibTeX
@article{hainsworth2008-18698331,
author = {Hainsworth, A. H. and Markus, H. S.},
title = {{Do in vivo experimental models reflect human cerebral small vessel disease? A systematic review}},
journal = {Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism},
year = {2008},
doi = {10.1038/jcbfm.2008.91},
pmid = {18698331},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2008.91}
}
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