Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.
Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.
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Routine liver–metabolic indices were associated with cognitive performance, while FIB-4 stage showed effect modification by APOE ε4 in relation to both cognition and amyloid PET SUVR.
Why it matters
In a Korean registry, higher liver–metabolic markers (triglyceride–glucose index and AST/ALT ratio) were associated with lower MMSE scores and worse memory, and the link between fibrosis stage and cognition differed by APOE ε4 dose. These are cross-sectional associations that suggest metabolic factors may matter for risk, but they do not show that treating liver or metabolic problems prevents dementia.
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Shorter LTL was associated with an increased risk of NDDs, including Alzheimer's disease (HR: 0.52, 95% CI 0.40-0.67, P < 0.001), dementia in AD (HR: 0.53, 95% CI 0.39-0.73, P < 0.001), unspecified dementia (HR: 0.74, 95% CI 0.58-0.95, P < 0.05), degenerative diseases of the nervous system (including other specified degenerative diseases such as circumscribed brain atrophy and senile degeneration of the brain) (HR: 0.62, 95% CI 0.45-0.84, P < 0.01), extrapyramidal and movement disorders (including other specified extrapyramidal and movement disorders such as a range of tremors, chorea, tics, and other abnormal involuntary movements) (HR: 0.63, 95% CI 0.48-0.82, P < 0.01), and mental and behavioral disorders due to use of alcohol (HR: 0.46, 95% CI 0.38-0.55, P < 0.001).
Why it matters
In this UK Biobank cohort, shorter leukocyte telomere length was associated with higher risk of Alzheimer's disease and several other neurodegenerative conditions, while longer telomere length was linked to higher risk of multiple sclerosis. These are associations from a prospective cohort and do not establish that changing telomere length would treat or prevent dementia.
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Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) shows neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in animal models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, but clinical results remain inconsistent due to variability in treatment duration, outcome measures, and reliance on subjective assessments.
Why it matters
This systematic review summarizes research on vagus nerve stimulation, an FDA-approved treatment for epilepsy and depression, in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. In animal studies it was associated with less cognitive impairment and reduced brain inflammation, and small clinical studies linked it to better gait and memory task performance. Clinical results remain inconsistent, so the authors see potential but say more work is needed.
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These analyses suggest that CenTauR harmonization increases the comparability of tau‐PET data acquired with different tracers.
Why it matters
This analysis suggests that harmonizing tau-PET measurements with CenTauR units makes scans from different tracers more comparable. It does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention, and only addresses how tau-PET images are read and compared.
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Plasma p-tau217 showed strong diagnostic performance for distinguishing AD from bvFTD (96% accuracy) and PPD (93% accuracy).
Why it matters
This study found that plasma p-tau217 showed strong diagnostic performance for distinguishing Alzheimer's disease from behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and psychiatric disorders, and NfL best distinguished all neurodegenerative diseases from psychiatric disorders. It supports blood-based biomarkers for diagnosis but does not offer a treatment or cure.
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We identified several new mutations of MS4A6A with altered AD risks, and discovered specific correlation for some of them with the amount of β-amyloid in cerebrospinal fluid.
Why it matters
In APP/PS1 mice, lack of Ms4a6d reduced microglial clearance of amyloid, increased plaque burden and synaptic damage, and worsened inflammation, while overexpressing MS4A6A in human microglia reduced inflammation. The authors suggest boosting MS4A6A could be an effective treatment, but this is based on mouse and cell studies and has not been tested in patients.
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Nuclear clearance and cytoplasmic aggregation of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) are observed in many neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD).
Why it matters
This study defines changes in polyadenylation site selection as a previously understudied feature of TDP-43-driven disease pathology in ALS/FTD. It highlights a potentially important mechanistic link between TDP-43 dysfunction and tau regulation, based on cell models and postmortem neuronal nuclei.
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Brain deposition of transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a feature of neurodegenerative syndromes.
Why it matters
In this large group of older adults, blood levels of TDP-43 were not linked to thinking changes, brain scans, Alzheimer's blood markers, or who went on to develop dementia. This means TDP-43 in blood did not work as a useful marker for Alzheimer's or dementia risk in this study.
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Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is an innate immune receptor predominantly expressed by microglia in the brain.
Why it matters
This review describes TREM2 as an immune signaling hub in neurodegeneration and covers its membrane-bound and soluble forms and downstream pathways. It is a review of mechanisms and does not report a treatment, cure or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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Comparing clinical stages, CSF PDGFRβ levels were increased at the MCI stage (Cohen's d = 0.55 [CI 95% 0.066, 1.0], P = 0.025) compared with NC.
Why it matters
In this study of 210 patients, a marker of pericyte injury called CSF PDGFRβ was higher at the mild cognitive impairment stage and was linked to markers of neuroinflammation, synaptic damage and worse cognitive scores. This is an observational study and does not show that targeting this marker changes the course of disease.
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Cerebellar volumetric changes are intricately linked to aging, with distinct patterns across its transverse zones, the functional subdivisions characterized by unique cytoarchitectural and connectivity profiles.
Why it matters
Using MRI data from over 45,000 participants, this study found that part of the cerebellum called the central zone shrinks fastest with age in both health and neurological disorders, and that men and women differ in these age-related changes. It describes how brain structure changes over time and does not test any treatment, cure or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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51/100
Cancer is a long-term illness that involves an imbalance in cellular and immune functions.
Why it matters
This review is about gut microbial short-chain fatty acids and colorectal cancer and contains no information on Alzheimer's disease. It reports no findings relevant to treating, curing or preventing dementia.
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MASLD was significantly associated with smaller volumes of total grey matter and subcortical grey matter (p < 0.05) and reduced Alzheimer's disease (AD)-signature cortical thickness (multivariable-adjusted β = -0.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.07, -0.01).
Why it matters
In this cross-sectional UK Biobank study, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease was linked to smaller grey matter volumes, reduced Alzheimer's disease-signature cortical thickness and higher white matter hyperintensity volume. The study describes brain structure associations only and cannot show whether treating liver disease affects dementia risk.
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51/100
Our understanding of the functional heterogeneity of resident versus recruited macrophages in the diseased liver is limited.
Why it matters
This study identified lipid-associated macrophages in models of liver injury and found some resident Kupffer cells can adopt a similar phenotype. It does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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Recent studies support the influence of paternal lifestyle and diet before conception on the health of the offspring via epigenetic inheritance through sperm DNA methylation, histone modification, and small non-coding RNA (sncRNA) expression and regulation.
Why it matters
This review is about how paternal lifestyle and environmental factors affect the sperm epigenome and offspring health and contains no information on Alzheimer's disease. It reports no findings relevant to treating, curing or preventing dementia.
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51/100
In the last few years, co-ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide combined with luteoline has emerged as a potential therapeutic molecule in neurodegenerative disorders pathogenically related to frontotemporal dementia, for its demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties.
Why it matters
In a phase 2 clinical trial, patients with frontotemporal dementia taking co-ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide combined with luteoline showed less decline on the primary outcome measure than those on placebo. The authors call the results promising but say further investigation is warranted before this can be considered an established treatment.
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• Longitudinal imaging-genetics study of hippocampal atrophy trajectories over 5 years in ADNI. • APOE -ε4 carriership and ApoE CSF proteomic quantitative trait loci are key genetic drivers of accelerated hippocampal atrophy in amyloid-positive MCI. • Genetic effects are stage-specific, with strongest associations during the prodromal phase of AD. • Sex differences in atrophy rates are observed, but do not significantly alter genetic influences. • Findings support the utility of APOE and functional genetic markers as stratification tools for early neurodegeneration in AD.
Why it matters
In over 1,000 ADNI participants, APOE-ε4 carriership and ApoE cerebrospinal fluid protein quantitative trait loci were key genetic drivers of accelerated hippocampal atrophy in amyloid-positive mild cognitive impairment, with effects strongest during the prodromal phase. The findings support using APOE and functional genetic markers as stratification tools for early neurodegeneration.
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Significantly higher serum median NfL and GFAP levels were found in sporadic bvFTD (NfL 33.3 pg/mL, IQR (19.6-49.6); GFAP 124.5 pg/mL, IQR (83.5-181.6)) compared with PPD (NfL 12.2 pg/mL, IQR (9.8-17.9); GFAP 68.9 pg/mL, IQR (50.6-95.0), both p<0.001).
Why it matters
Blood levels of neurofilament light and GFAP were higher in people with a form of frontotemporal dementia than in those with late-onset psychiatric disorders, and adding GFAP did not improve discrimination over neurofilament light alone. This is about distinguishing two conditions, not about treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Infections have been associated with the incidence of Alzheimer disease and related dementias, but the mechanisms responsible for these associations remain unclear.
Why it matters
Using a multicohort approach, influenza, viral, respiratory, and skin infections were associated with increased long-term dementia risk and region-specific brain volume loss, and 260 infection-related plasma proteins were differentially expressed. The study identifies potential immunological drivers of neurodegeneration, but it is observational and does not show that preventing infections reduces dementia risk.
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Tumor-associated myeloid-derived cells (MDCs) significantly impact cancer prognosis and treatment responses due to their remarkable plasticity and tumorigenic behaviors.
Why it matters
This study analyzes myeloid cell states across different cancers, not Alzheimer's disease. It identifies subpopulations linked to cancer prognosis but provides no information on treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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It is unknown whether multidomain interventions, which might preserve late-life cognition, affect Alzheimer's disease pathology.
Why it matters
This secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial assessed whether a blood marker, plasma p-tau181, could detect or predict the effects of a multidomain intervention on dementia prevention. It does not report whether the intervention itself prevented dementia, only whether the marker was useful.
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Outer retinal degenerations, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), are characterized by photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy.
Why it matters
This study is about retinal degeneration and age-related macular degeneration, not Alzheimer's disease, and found that microglia at sites of atrophy help limit photoreceptor death through galectin-3 and Trem2. It reports no Alzheimer's treatment, cure or prevention.
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Oxidized phospholipids play a key role in the atherogenic potential of lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]); however, Lp(a) is a complex particle that warrants research into additional proinflammatory mediators.
Why it matters
This study is about lipoprotein(a)-associated lipids and monocyte inflammation in atherosclerosis, not Alzheimer's disease. It has no direct meaning for treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer's.
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Efferocytosis and metabolic reprogramming of macrophages play crucial roles in myocardial infarction (MI) repair.
Why it matters
This study is about heart attack repair, not Alzheimer's disease, and shows that macrophage TREM2 deficiency worsens cardiac function after myocardial infarction. It provides no information on treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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This is the first study to investigate urine biomarker through exercise intervention.
Why it matters
In 40 Korean elderly, 12 weeks of aerobic or combined exercise was associated with different urine AD7c-NTP levels compared with the control group. This is a small study and does not show that exercise prevents or treats Alzheimer's disease.
From across this topic
10 of the 4,748 studies in this topic, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 10. The same 10 appear here every time.
- Multiple neurological abnormalities in mice deficient in the G protein Go
- Robust automated computational approach for classifying frontotemporal neurodegeneration: Multimodal/multicenter neuroimaging
- Target delivery of a PD-1-TREM2 scFv by CAR-T cells enhances anti-tumor efficacy in colorectal cancer
- Telomere length predicts poststroke mortality, dementia, and cognitive decline
- Altered spatiotemporal brain dynamics of interoception in behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia
- Irisin attenuates astrocyte activation and rescues memory in Alzheimer model mice
- A Two-Stage Plasma Biomarker Algorithm Reduces Amyloid PET Use and the p-Tau217 Gray Zone
- Structural details of helix-mediated multimerization of the conserved region of TDP-43 C-terminal domain
- Obese-type gut microbiota induce neurobehavioral changes in the absence of obesity
- TREM2 Haplodeficiency in Mice and Humans Impairs the Microglia Barrier Function Leading to Decreased Amyloid Compaction and Severe Axonal Dystrophy