Get help now — free helplines

You can call any of these for free. You do not need a diagnosis, an appointment, or a crisis to call — questions and plain exhaustion are reasons enough.

  • Alzheimer's Association 24/7 Helpline 800-272-3900 24 hours a day, 365 days a year Free, confidential support and information for people with dementia, caregivers, families and the public. Master's-level clinicians. Also Spanish.
  • 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline 988 24/7 Call or text 988, or chat at 988lifeline.org. For anyone in emotional distress or a mental-health crisis, including caregivers.
  • Alzheimer's Foundation of America (AFA) Helpline 866-232-8484 9:00 am - 9:00 pm ET, seven days a week Licensed social workers providing support, info and referrals. Also text message and web chat. Text: 646-586-5283

In a medical emergency, call 911. More numbers, and what each line does, on the help page.

Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.

Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.

  1. Associating genes and protein complexes with disease via network propagation

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. PLoS computational biology 2010-01-15 Risk factors

    A fundamental challenge in human health is the identification of disease-causing genes.

  2. Epigenetic mechanisms in neurological diseases: genes, syndromes, and therapies

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. The Lancet. Neurology 2009-11-01 Genetics

    Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and modifications to histone proteins regulate high-order DNA structure and gene expression.

  3. Genome-Wide Association Studies, Field Synopses, and the Development of the Knowledge Base on Genetic Variation and Human Diseases

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. American Journal of Epidemiology 2009-06-04 Genetics

    Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have led to a rapid increase in available data on common genetic variants and phenotypes and numerous discoveries of new loci associated with susceptibility to common complex diseases.

  4. Down syndrome--recent progress and future prospects

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. Human molecular genetics 2009-04-01 Down syndrome and Alzheimer's

    Down syndrome (DS) is caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 (Hsa21) and is associated with a number of deleterious phenotypes, including learning disability, heart defects, early-onset Alzheimer's disease and childhood leukaemia.

  5. Genetic variation in PCDH11X is associated with susceptibility to late-onset Alzheimer's disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. Nature genetics 2009-01-11 Genetics

    By analyzing late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) in a genome-wide association study (313,504 SNPs, three series, 844 cases and 1,255 controls) and evaluating the 25 SNPs with the most significant allelic association in four additional series (1,547 cases and 1,209 controls), we identified a SNP (rs5984894) on Xq21.3 in PCDH11X that is strongly associated with LOAD in individuals of European descent from the United States.

  6. Age-specific epigenetic drift in late-onset Alzheimer's disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. PloS one 2008-07-16 Genetics

    Despite an enormous research effort, most cases of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) still remain unexplained and the current biomedical science is still a long way from the ultimate goal of revealing clear risk factors that can help in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of the disease.

  7. The role of circadian clock genes in mental disorders

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience 2007-09-30 Drug development

    The study of molecular clock mechanisms in psychiatric disorders is gaining significant interest due to data suggesting that a misalignment between the endogenous circadian system and the sleep-wake cycle might contribute to the clinical status of patients suffering from a variety of psychiatric disorders.

  8. A genomic pathway approach to a complex disease: axon guidance and Parkinson disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. PLoS genetics 2007-06-01 Prevention and risk

    While major inroads have been made in identifying the genetic causes of rare Mendelian disorders, little progress has been made in the discovery of common gene variations that predispose to complex diseases.

  9. A life-course approach to the aetiology of late-onset dementias

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. The Lancet. Neurology 2006-01-01 Disparities

    Substantial progress has been made in the understanding of the neurobiology of dementias, but comprehensive causal models are not available.

  10. Discovering statistically significant pathways in expression profiling studies

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2005-09-08 Risk factors

    Accurate and rapid identification of perturbed pathways through the analysis of genome-wide expression profiles facilitates the generation of biological hypotheses.

  11. The Caenorhabditis elegans IMPAS gene, imp-2, is essential for development and is functionally distinct from related presenilins

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2004-10-06 Drug development

    Presenilins (PSs) are required for Notch signaling in the development of vertebrates and invertebrates.

  12. ABCA1 Is Required for Normal Central Nervous System ApoE Levels and for Lipidation of Astrocyte-secreted apoE

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2004-07-21 Genetics

    ABCA1 is an ATP-binding cassette protein that transports cellular cholesterol and phospholipids onto high density lipoproteins (HDL) in plasma.

  13. Alzheimer's disease: the cholesterol connection

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. Nature neuroscience 2003-04-01 Genetics

    A hallmark of all forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an abnormal accumulation of the beta-amyloid protein (Abeta) in specific brain regions.

  14. Alterations in transcription, RNA editing, translation, protein processing, and clearance are a consistent feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain.

  15. Serum total cholesterol, apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele, and Alzheimer's disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. Neuroepidemiology 1998-01-01 Genetics

    The epsilon 4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (apoE) is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and also with elevated serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels.

  16. Apolipoprotein E allele-specific antioxidant activity and effects on cytotoxicity by oxidative insults and beta-amyloid peptides

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. Nature genetics 1996-09-01 Genetics

    The apolipoprotein E (APOE) E4 allele is associated with Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease, and decreased longevity.

  17. Autosomal dominant cerebellar phenotypes

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. Neurology 1995-01-01 Brain scans and imaging

    The dominantly inherited ataxias comprise a series of clinical phenotypes that include ataxia, dysarthria, dysmetria, and intention tremor resulting from the involvement of the cerebellum and its afferent and efferent pathways.

  18. Unstable expansion of CAG repeat in hereditary dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA)

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 40 out of 100. Nature genetics 1994-01-01 Risk genes beyond APOE

    Hereditary dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) is an autosomal dominant neurologic disorder characterized by variable combinations of myoclonus, epilepsy, cerebellar ataxia, choreoathetosis and dementia.

  19. Multivariate genome wide association and network analysis of subcortical imaging phenotypes in Alzheimer's disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 39 out of 100. BMC genomics 2020-12-29 Genetics

    In this paper, we used the MGAS (Multivariate Gene-based Association test by extended Simes procedure) tool to perform multivariate GWAS on eight AD-relevant subcortical imaging measures.

  20. scREAD: A Single-Cell RNA-Seq Database for Alzheimer's Disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 39 out of 100. iScience 2020-11-05 Genetics

    Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the brain and the most common form of dementia among the elderly.

  21. APOE2: protective mechanism and therapeutic implications for Alzheimer's disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 39 out of 100. Molecular neurodegeneration 2020-11-04 Genetics

    Investigations of apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene, the major genetic risk modifier for Alzheimer's disease (AD), have yielded significant insights into the pathogenic mechanism.

  22. Dysregulation of Endothelin-1: Implications for Health Disparities in Alzheimer's Disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 39 out of 100. Journal of personalized medicine 2020-10-28 Disparities

    Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias disproportionately impact racial and ethnic minorities.

  23. Integrative genomics approach identifies conserved transcriptomic networks in Alzheimer's disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 39 out of 100. Human molecular genetics 2020-10-10 Genetics

    Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurological disorder characterized by changes in cell-type proportions and consequently marked alterations of the transcriptome.

  24. Assessment of genetic risk for improved clinical-neuropathological correlations

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 39 out of 100. Acta neuropathologica communications 2020-09-10 Genetics

    In the clinical diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies, distinction from Alzheimer's disease is suboptimal and complicated by shared genetic risk factors and frequent co-pathology.

  25. ApoE Lipidation as a Therapeutic Target in Alzheimer's Disease

    ✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 39 out of 100. International journal of molecular sciences 2020-09-01 Genetics

    Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the major cholesterol carrier in the brain, affecting various normal cellular processes including neuronal growth, repair and remodeling of membranes, synaptogenesis, clearance and degradation of amyloid β (Aβ) and neuroinflammation.

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