Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.
Download bibliography of all 8,018 studies, highest score first: BibTeX (.bib) · RIS (.ris)
Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.
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Among frail older persons, cognitive training conferred the greatest cognitive benefits.
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Beyond the well-known effects on cognitive impairment of the Mediterranean diet, a number of studies have investigated the possible action on cognitive decline of different botanicals and phytochemicals, most of which are well-known anti-inflammatory or antioxidant agents with a good tolerability and safety profile.
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The present meta-analysis revealed a significant effect for computer-based cognitive training on the performance of the memory domain of patients with MS. This finding may have significant implications in the current treatment practice when cognitive decline is detected in MS patients.
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Both early life and adult socioeconomic status (SES) predict late-life level of memory; however, evidence is mixed on the relationship between SES and rate of memory decline.
Why it matters
This longitudinal study examined how socioeconomic status at different life stages relates to late-life memory function and decline. It identifies associations only and does not test any treatment, cure or prevention.
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66/100
In this large cohort, exposure to air pollution, even at the relative low levels, was associated with higher dementia incidence.
Why it matters
This population-based cohort study found a positive association between long-term exposure to fine particulate matter and dementia incidence, even at relatively low pollution levels. It identifies an environmental risk factor and does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention.
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This 28-year study tracked depressive symptoms in over 10,000 people and found that depression appearing later in life (closer to a dementia diagnosis) was linked to higher dementia risk, but depression in midlife (decades before diagnosis) was not.
Why it matters
Depressive symptoms closer to a dementia diagnosis were linked to higher dementia risk, while symptoms up to 28 years earlier were not, and symptoms began diverging about 11 years before diagnosis. The authors conclude this pattern suggests late-life depression is more likely an early warning sign of brewing dementia than a cause of it.
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The facilitated approach explored in this study addressed known barriers to case conferencing.
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This unusually long 28-year study found no evidence that being physically active in midlife protects against dementia later in life.
Why it matters
Meeting physical activity guidelines was not linked to lower dementia risk, and activity only declined in the years just before diagnosis, suggesting lower activity is an early symptom rather than a cause. This null result challenges the idea that midlife exercise protects against dementia.
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The results suggest that standard and tailored cognitive training may improve executive function, attention/working memory, and memory in PD.
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Longitudinal clinical-pathological studies have increasingly recognized the importance of mixed pathologies (the coexistence of one or more neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular disease pathologies) as important factors in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other forms of dementia.
Why it matters
This review describes how the coexistence of multiple brain pathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease pathology together with cerebrovascular or other neurodegenerative pathologies, lowers the threshold for clinically overt dementia. It is a clinical-pathological perspective and reports no treatment, cure or prevention.
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66/100
Studies suggest that n-3 fatty acids in the diet and adherence to the MedDiet are beneficial in slowing age-related cognitive decline.
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Successfully assisting older adults to maintain or improve cognitive function, particularly when they are dealing with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), remains a major challenge.
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The lack of content surrounding grief represents a gap for this population at high risk for complicated grief and chronic sorrow.
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We found some evidence that n-3 PUFAs might be beneficial for the maintenance of executive functioning in older adults at risk of dementia with low omega-3 index, but this exploratory finding requires further confirmation.
Why it matters
In this subgroup of older adults with memory complaints and low omega-3 levels, omega-3 supplementation for 3 years showed less decline on one verbal fluency test, but no significant differences on the other cognitive tests. This offers only limited evidence and does not show that omega-3 prevents dementia.
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Despite some positive findings, the inaccurate definitions of CT, inadequate sample sizes, unclear randomization methods, incomplete datasets at follow-up and multiple testing may have inflated the results in many trials.
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CCT is efficacious on global cognition, select cognitive domains, and psychosocial functioning in people with mild cognitive impairment.
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66/100
The findings support the reliability and validity of the Resistiveness to Care Scale for use with older adults with dementia in nursing home settings.
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Nineteen studies met our inclusion criteria and quality assessments.
Why it matters
Four of five meta-analyses found that taking part in cognitive leisure activities was linked to lower risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. One pooled analysis of cognitive impairment studies did not reach significance, so the evidence is not uniform.
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Dementia occurs in at least 10% of patients within 1 year after stroke.
Why it matters
This prospective cohort study measured the incidence of dementia and its risk factors after spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage, a type of stroke not previously studied prospectively for this outcome. It describes risk after a stroke and does not test a treatment, cure or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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The burden of AD dementia is substantial.
Why it matters
Pooling 119 population-based studies (searched 1985–2012), this review estimated that about 40 in every 1,000 people aged 60+ living in the community have dementia due to Alzheimer's at any one time, with about 15.8 new cases per 1,000 person-years. The authors found that estimates "varied significantly with age, diagnostic criteria used and location," and called for newer diagnostic criteria and biomarkers to sharpen the numbers. It describes how common the disease is; it does not test any treatment or prevention.
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Residents who died from non-sudden causes between 1 October 2013 and 31 May 2014 in these facilities were included (n = 674).
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Family carers' perceptions of BPSD as challenging are associated with a sense of a declining relationship, transgressions against social norms and underlying beliefs that people with dementia inevitably lose their 'personhood'.
Why it matters
This systematic review of 25 studies found that family carers' perceptions of behavioural and psychological symptoms as challenging were linked to a sense of declining relationship, transgressions against social norms, and beliefs that people with dementia inevitably lose their personhood. It suggests interventions should acknowledge these underlying beliefs.
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This is relevant as the number of old people (a) living alone and (b) suffering from dementia is expected to increase rapidly in the next decades.
Why it matters
This longitudinal study found that dementia, widowhood, depression, and walking and hearing impairments were each strongly associated with admission to a nursing home or old-age home. It does not test any treatment or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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This study followed a national sample of Medicare beneficiaries who died and compared total health and long-term care spending in their final five years of life.
Why it matters
Average total health care costs in the last five years of life were substantially larger for people with dementia than for those who died of heart disease, cancer, or other causes. Much of this spending was uncovered, placing a large financial burden on households.
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We observed a complex series of relationships between social-environment variables and cognitive decline and dementia.
Why it matters
In 2,854 older adults from the Paquid cohort (mean age 77) followed for 20 years, people more engaged in social, physical or intellectual pursuits had higher cognitive scores and a lower risk of dementia, though not slower decline. Feeling understood was linked to slower decline. But these social factors did not explain why some people declined fast, some slowly and some not at all. The study's authors call these "a complex series of relationships", and they show association, not proof that staying active prevents dementia.
From across this topic
10 of the 7,967 studies in this topic, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 10. The same 10 appear here every time.
- Longitudinal Changes in Brain Diffusion Characteristics Associated With Cognition and Vascular Risk Factors
- Characterizing Heterogeneity in Neuroimaging, Cognition, Clinical Symptoms, and Genetics Among Patients With Late-Life Depression
- The risk of dementia and death after delirium
- Neuropsychiatric and cognitive profile of patients with DSM-IV delirium referred to an old age psychiatry consultation-liaison service
- Natural history of mild cognitive impairment in older persons
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Incidence of Dementia Among Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Target Trial Emulation
- Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia and mild cognitive impairment: results from the cardiovascular health study
- Post‐acute care transitions and outcomes among Medicare beneficiaries with dementia: Associations with race/ethnicity and dual status
- GLP-1-BASED THERAPIES BEYOND DIABETES: EMERGING CLINICAL APPLICATIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
- Late-life depression, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia