Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.
Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.
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This study found that long-term exposure to air pollution was associated with a higher risk of dementia.
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Furthermore, hippocampal subfields susceptible to atrophy in AD were protected by PRT revealing an elimination of long-term atrophy in the left subiculum, and attenuation of atrophy in left CA1 and dentate gyrus when compared to SHAM+SHAM (p = 0.023, p = 0.020 and p = 0.027).
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Exposure to several types of strong anticholinergic drugs is associated with an increased risk of dementia.
Why it matters
This nested case-control study found that higher cumulative exposure to anticholinergic drugs was associated with increased dementia risk. It identifies a possible modifiable risk factor, but does not show that avoiding these drugs prevents Alzheimer's disease.
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This study found that CT+Active tDCS did not produce greater memory improvement compared to CT+Sham tDCS.
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Most care staff for long-term care residents with dementia experience low or moderate burnout levels.
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CCT is efficacious for overall and key cognitive domains in adults with MS, but efficacy on other outcomes and in progressive subtypes remains unclear.
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Relative to a control condition, we found moderate-quality evidence showing a small to moderate effect of CT on our first primary outcome, composite measure of global cognition at end of treatment (standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.23 to 0.62), and high-quality evidence showing a moderate effect on the secondary outcome of verbal semantic fluency (SMD 0.52, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.81) at end of treatment, with these gains retained in the medium term (3 to 12 months post treatment).
Why it matters
This review of 33 trials found that cognitive training produced small to moderate improvements in global cognition and verbal fluency for people with mild to moderate dementia at end of treatment. These gains were retained, but the evidence does not show that cognitive training cures or prevents Alzheimer's disease.
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Computerized cognitive training significantly improved global cognitive function, which was supported by the improved brain plasticity.
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The meta-analyses revealed structural brain abnormalities associated with PTSD and trauma and suggest that global brain volume reductions distinguish PTSD from major depression.
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If results from this study show benefits for cognition at trial completion, CCT programs, alone or in combination with walking, might be a strategy to promote healthy cognitive aging in older adults.
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These findings indicate that a 4-week simultaneous memory training and aerobic exercise program is sufficient to improve memory, attention, and reasoning abilities in older adults.
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MCI prevalence was 6.7% for ages 60-64, 8.4% for 65-69, 10.1% for 70-74, 14.8% for 75-79, and 25.2% for 80-84.
Why it matters
This now-retired American Academy of Neurology guideline (marked "[RETIRED]" in its title) systematically reviewed MCI research. It reported prevalence rising from 6.7% at ages 60–64 to 25.2% at 80–84, and found that 14.9% of people over 65 with MCI developed dementia within 2 years. It found "no high-quality evidence" for any drug treatment: clinicians may choose not to offer cholinesterase inhibitors, and must discuss the lack of evidence if they do. It recommended regular exercise, which was "likely to improve cognitive measures" over 6 months, and recommended monitoring cognition over time.
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Midlife vascular risk factors are associated with increased risk of dementia in black and white ARIC Study participants.
Why it matters
This cohort study found that midlife vascular risk factors including smoking, diabetes, prehypertension and hypertension were associated with increased risk of dementia in black and white participants. It reports risk associations only, not a treatment, cure or prevention.
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74/100
The mean age of 634 patients was 80 years.
Why it matters
This randomized clinical trial found that dementia care management significantly decreased behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. It suggests that collaborative care provided by trained nurses can improve relevant patient outcomes.
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FCC facilitates a palliative approach to care.
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Advancing age increases the risk for diseases and health concerns like cognitive decline, constituting a major public health challenge.
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The large number of well-characterized candidate facilities enabled several unique design features including stratification on historical hospitalization rates, randomization prior to recruitment, and 2:1 control to intervention facilities ratio.
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Given projected increases in dementia prevalence, emphasising earlier stages of cognitive impairment in older adults enables targeted early intervention strategies.
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Recruitment of 2600 older people (≥65 years) at increased risk of cardiovascular disease will take place in the Netherlands, Finland and France.
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Studies are heterogeneous in many aspects, including size sample, intervention, and instruments of measures.
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74/100
Also, we performed analyses including only trials in which an increase in the cardiovascular fitness of participants had been demonstrated.
Why it matters
This review of twelve randomized trials found no cognitive benefit from aerobic exercise in cognitively healthy older adults, even in trials where cardiorespiratory fitness improved. The authors concluded there is no evidence from the available data that aerobic physical activity improves cognition in this group.
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This Finnish randomized controlled trial was the first large study to show that a two-year program combining diet counseling, exercise, cognitive training, and monitoring of heart-health risk factors could help maintain or improve thinking skills in older adults at elevated dementia risk, compared with a control group who received only general health advice.
Why it matters
The FINGER trial showed that a two-year multidomain program of diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring helped maintain or improve thinking skills in older adults at elevated dementia risk compared with general health advice. Adverse events, mostly musculoskeletal, were more common in the intervention group (7% vs 1%).
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MCR is common in older adults, and is a strong and early risk factor for cognitive decline.
Why it matters
This multicountry study found that motoric cognitive risk syndrome, characterized by slow gait and cognitive complaints, had a pooled prevalence of 9.7% and predicted risk of developing incident cognitive impairment and dementia. The results persisted even after excluding participants with possible cognitive impairment and accounting for early dementia and diagnostic overlap with other predementia syndromes.
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Higher Hcy levels, lower educational attainment, and decreased physical activity were particularly strong predictors of incident AD.
Why it matters
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined modifiable factors such as education, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, caffeine, antioxidants, homocysteine, and n-3 fatty acids in relation to cognitive health and incident Alzheimer's disease. It summarizes consistency across studies rather than proving that changing any of these factors prevents or treats dementia.
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Cognitive decline in aging is a pressing issue associated with significant healthcare costs and deterioration in quality of life.
From across this topic
10 of the 7,967 studies in this topic, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 10. The same 10 appear here every time.
- Stalling life expectancy and increased mortality in working ages deserve urgent attention
- National Trends and Demographic Disparities in Mortality Involving Co-Recorded Parkinson’s Disease and Dementia in the United States, 1999–2025: A CDC WONDER Analysis
- Blood pressure lowering and prevention of dementia: an individual patient data meta-analysis
- The fall-dementia connection: Synergistic effects of falls with genetic and health risk factors
- The peaceful mind program: a pilot test of a cognitive-behavioral therapy-based intervention for anxious patients with dementia
- Serum lipid traits and the risk of dementia: A cohort study of 254,575 women and 214,891 men in the UK Biobank
- Cornell scale for depression in dementia
- Mapping spatial hotspots and location specific associated factor of diarrhea-wasting multimorbidity among children aged 6–24 months in East Africa: a geographically weighted regression analysis
- Closing the gap in dementia research by community-based cohort studies in the Chinese population
- Speech-based digital cognitive assessments for detection of mild cognitive impairment: Validation against paper-based neurocognitive assessment scores