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The impact of tract‐ and county‐level segregation on 10‐year cognitive and everyday functioning outcomes of Black/African American older adults in the ACTIVE study
Alexandra L. Clark, Abbey M. Hamlin, Ashley Chikkala, Alexandra J. Weigand, Wassim Tarraf, Shannon M. Sisco, Kelsey R. Thomas, Michael Marsiske. Alzheimer s & Dementia Behavior & Socioeconomics of Aging, 2025-04-06
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
Plain-language summary
Higher segregation, indicated by lower tract and county-level interaction, was associated with better cognitive and everyday functioning levels but faster rates of decline. Higher segregation, indicated by higher county-level dissimilarity, was associated with better cognitive and everyday functioning levels but accelerated rates of decline. No associations between segregation characterized by tract-level dissimilarity and outcomes were observed. Segregation may restrict access to important resources, and this disadvantage may accelerate cognitive and everyday functioning declines. However, segregation may also increase cultural capital and social resources that have a positive impact on levels of cognitive and everyday functioning performance. Results also revealed that the magnitude and consistency of segregation effects differ across geospatial levels of analysis and highlight that targeted interventions at multiple levels may help reduce racial disparities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.
What this study adds
Evidence grade: Low
The record lists 695 participants. Among Black older adults in the ACTIVE study, higher segregation was linked to better initial cognitive and everyday functioning but faster decline over time. No link was found for one measure of segregation, and the authors note that interventions at multiple levels may help reduce disparities.
Taken from this record’s own fields, not from reading the paper. The grade is assigned from the abstract’s wording; what that means.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Clark, A. L., Hamlin, A. M., Chikkala, A., Weigand, A. J., Tarraf, W., Sisco, S. M., et al. (2025). The impact of tract‐ and county‐level segregation on 10‐year cognitive and everyday functioning outcomes of Black/African American older adults in the ACTIVE study. Alzheimer s & Dementia Behavior & Socioeconomics of Aging. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsa3.70014
Vancouver
Clark AL, Hamlin AM, Chikkala A, Weigand AJ, Tarraf W, Sisco SM, et al. The impact of tract‐ and county‐level segregation on 10‐year cognitive and everyday functioning outcomes of Black/African American older adults in the ACTIVE study. Alzheimer s & Dementia Behavior & Socioeconomics of Aging. 2025. doi:10.1002/bsa3.70014. PMID: 41098334.
BibTeX
@article{clark2025-41098334,
author = {Clark, Alexandra L. and Hamlin, Abbey M. and Chikkala, Ashley and Weigand, Alexandra J. and Tarraf, Wassim and Sisco, Shannon M. and Thomas, Kelsey R. and Marsiske, Michael},
title = {{The impact of tract‐ and county‐level segregation on 10‐year cognitive and everyday functioning outcomes of Black/African American older adults in the ACTIVE study}},
journal = {Alzheimer s \& Dementia Behavior \& Socioeconomics of Aging},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.1002/bsa3.70014},
pmid = {41098334},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/bsa3.70014}
}
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record names 8 authors; APA and Vancouver show the first six, BibTeX and the downloads carry all of them. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
Key findings
- Higher segregation, indicated by lower tract and county-level interaction, was associated with better cognitive and everyday functioning levels but faster rates of decline.
- Higher segregation, indicated by higher county-level dissimilarity, was associated with better cognitive and everyday functioning levels but accelerated rates of decline.
- No associations between segregation characterized by tract-level dissimilarity and outcomes were observed.
- Segregation may restrict access to important resources, and this disadvantage may accelerate cognitive and everyday functioning declines.
- However, segregation may also increase cultural capital and social resources that have a positive impact on levels of cognitive and everyday functioning performance.
Why it matters
Among Black older adults in the ACTIVE study, higher segregation was linked to better initial cognitive and everyday functioning but faster decline over time. No link was found for one measure of segregation, and the authors note that interventions at multiple levels may help reduce disparities.
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Study details
- Participants695
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 43/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, effect reported and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Alzheimer s & Dementia Behavior & Socioeconomics of Aging) |
| Journal's citation record | 0 / 4 | Alzheimer s & Dementia Behavior & Socioeconomics of Aging: journal h-index 4 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 4 / 5 | 2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 2 / 4 | 695 participants |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomized / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 1 / 7 | Cited 3 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 1 / 5 | 1.0 citations a year over 3 year(s) since 2025 |
| Impact for its field and year | 2 / 6 | Cited 1.9× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 0 / 6 | No other study in this library cites it |
| Still being cited | 1 / 4 | Cited 3 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 3 / 4 | Last-listed author Michael Marsiske: h-index 58 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 2 / 3 | University of California, San Francisco: institution h-index 1,915 (OpenAlex) |
| Multicenter collaboration | 2 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 8 institution(s) in 1 country |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 41098334) |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Total | 43 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
- DOI: 10.1002/bsa3.70014
- PubMed: 41098334
- Original source →
- Free full text: Alzheimer s & Dementia Behavior & Socioeconomics of Aging →
Full text: free to read — OpenAlex lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 6 Feb 1020).
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